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            <r:String xml:lang="sv">Origin of Variances in the Oldest-Old: Octogenarian Twins (OCTO-Twin) Våg 2</r:String>
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        <r:String xml:lang="sv">Origin of Variances in the Oldest-Old: Octogenarian Twins (OCTO-Twin) Våg 1</r:String>
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      <r:Content xml:lang="sv">OCTO-Twin studien syftar till att undersöka etiologin för individuella skillnader mellan tvillingpar som är 80 år och äldre rörande hälsa, funktionell och kognitiv funktionsförmåga, psykiskt välbefinnande, personlighet och personlig kontroll. I studien identifierades tvillingpar från det svenska befolkningsbaserade tvillingregistret. Vid den första undersökningen var inklusionskriterierna att tvillingarna skulle vara födda år 1913 eller tidigare och att båda partnerna accepterade deltagande. Vid baslinjeundersökningen år 1991-94 undersöktes 351 tvillingpar (149 monozygotiska och 202 dizygotiska par av samma kön) (medelålder: 83,6 år och 67% kvinnor). De tvååriga longitudinella uppföljningarna genomfördes på alla tvillingar som levde och som gick med på att delta. Data har samlats in vid fem tillfällen under totalt åtta år. 

Deltagarna undersöktes i sina hem genom intervjuer, enkäter, en hälsoundersökning, en blodprovstagning och tester av funktionell kapacitet, kognitiva förmågor och minne.

• Enkäter utvärderade det fysiska- och mentala hälsotillståndet; utvalda personlighetsdimensioner; aktiviteter i det dagliga livet; hälsorelaterade beteenden rörande rökning, alkoholkonsumtion och droganvändning; uppfostrings-och arbetsmiljö, familjeförhållanden och sociala relationer. 

• Fysiska undersökningar inkluderade: blodtryck, puls, antropometriska mått, lungfunktion, greppstyrka, fysiska prestandamått för över- och underkroppsfunktionsaktivitet och bedömning av aktiviteter i det dagliga livet (t.ex. kunna vrida nyckeln i låset, hälla upp ett glas vatten). Fastande blod- och urinprover på morgonen samlades också in.

• Det kognitiva batteriet utformades för att mäta kristalliserad och flytande intelligens och minne. Batteriet innehöll Mini-Mental Status Examinations (MMSE); Informationstest, Synonymtest, Analogistest, Figurlogisk test, Block design testet, Sifferspann (framåt och bakåt) test, Bildminnestest, Siffer-symbol testet. Demensdiagnos fastställdes under en tvärvetenskaplig konferens, baserat på kognitiva tester och genomgång av patientjournaler.

Se de individuella dataseten i NEAR-portalen för mer detaljer om variabelgrupper och individuella variabler.</r:Content>
      <r:Content xml:lang="en">The OCTO-Twin Study aims to investigate the etiology of individual differences among twin-pairs age 80 and older, on a range of domains including health and functional capacity, cognitive functioning, psychological well-being, personality and personal control. In the study, twin pairs were withdrawn from the Swedish Twin Registry. At the first wave, the twins had to be born 1913 or earlier and both partners in the pair had to accept participation. At baseline in 1991-94, 351 twin pairs (149 monozygotic and 202 like-sex dizygotic pairs) were investigated (mean age: 83.6 years and 67% were female). The two-year longitudinal follow-ups were conducted on all twins who were alive and agreed to participate. Data have been collected at five waves over a total of eight years. 

The in-person testing included interviews, a health examination including blood pressure and lung function, blood sampling, and tests on functional capacity, cognitive abilities, and memory.

• The participants were examined as follows: physical and mental health status; selected personality dimensions; activities of daily living; health-related behaviors of smoking, alcohol consumption and legal drug use; early rearing environment, and the adult working, family and social environments. 

• Physical measures included: blood pressure, pulse, anthropometric measures, lung function, grip strength, physical performances measures for upper and lower body functional activity, and assessment of activities of daily living measures (e.g. turn key in lock, pour a glass of water). Fasting blood and morning urine samples were also collected.

• The cognitive battery was designed to represent the domains of crystallized and fluid intelligence and memory. The battery included the Mini-Mental Status Examinations (MMSE); Information test, Synonyms test, Analogies test, Figure logic test, Block design test, Digit span (Forward and Backward) test, Picture memory test, Symbol Digit test. Dementia diagnoses have been assigned following assessment of cognitive performance and review of medical records giving a consensus diagnosis.

Refer to the individual datasets in the NEAR portal for more details on variable groups and individual variables.</r:Content>
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