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      <titlStmt>
        <titl xml:lang="sv">Kvantifiering av bidrag av turbulens och bubblor till gasutbyte i vattendrag</titl>
        <altTitl>EXSONIC</altTitl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Unravelling the Contribution of Turbulence and Bubbles to Air-Water Gas Exchange in Running Waters</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="SND">2021-307-1-1</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="slu.se">SLU.seksko.2021.IÄ-2.</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5878/j46g-rw37</IDNo>
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    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl xml:lang="sv">Kvantifiering av bidrag av turbulens och bubblor till gasutbyte i vattendrag</titl>
        <altTitl>EXSONIC</altTitl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Unravelling the Contribution of Turbulence and Bubbles to Air-Water Gas Exchange in Running Waters</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="SND">2021-307-1-1</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="slu.se">SLU.seksko.2021.IÄ-2.</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5878/j46g-rw37</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.5194/bg-18-1223-2021</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.1029/2021JG006520</IDNo>
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        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences">Klaus, Marcus</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Institutionen för skogens ekologi och skötsel, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet">Klaus, Marcus</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Géosciences Rennes, University of Rennes 1">Labasque, Thierry</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Universitéde Rennes 1">Labasque, Thierry</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy">Botter, Gianluca</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="University of Padova, Padova, Italy">Botter, Gianluca</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy">Durighetto, Nicola</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="University of Padova, Padova, Italy">Durighetto, Nicola</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria">Schelker, Jakob</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria">Schelker, Jakob</AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
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        <grantNo xml:lang="en" agency="European Commission's Horizon 2020 Excellent Science Programme">H2020-EU.1.1.-770999</grantNo>
        <grantNo xml:lang="sv" agency="European Commission's Horizon 2020 Excellent Science Programme">H2020-EU.1.1.-770999</grantNo>
        <grantNo xml:lang="en" agency="European Commission EU H2020-INFRAIA-project AQUACOSM">731065</grantNo>
        <grantNo xml:lang="sv" agency="European Commission EU H2020-INFRAIA-project AQUACOSM">731065</grantNo>
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        <distrbtr xml:lang="en" abbr="SND" URI="https://snd.se">Swedish National Data Service</distrbtr>
        <distrbtr xml:lang="sv" abbr="SND" URI="https://snd.se">Svensk nationell datatjänst</distrbtr>
        <distDate xml:lang="en" date="2021-12-01" />
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    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="GCMD" vocabURI="https://gcmd.nasa.gov/kms/concept/b9f343a1-0b8d-4e88-91bc-21f5d551963f">TURBULENCE</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="GCMD" vocabURI="https://gcmd.nasa.gov/kms/concept/1815faf3-2411-4d2a-a3d5-1e5b0c50782b">SOUNDS</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="GCMD" vocabURI="https://gcmd.nasa.gov/kms/concept/36a2999b-2255-4d4e-a249-40df3b7b3aaf">DISCHARGE/FLOW</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="GEMET" vocabURI="http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3566">gas</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="GEMET" vocabURI="http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3566">gas</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="GEMET" vocabURI="http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/5325">model</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="GEMET" vocabURI="http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/5325">modell</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="GEMET" vocabURI="http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/9161">watercourse</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="GEMET" vocabURI="http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/9161">vattendrag</keyword>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/geoscientificInformation">Geoscientific Information</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/geoscientificInformation">Geovetenskap</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/inlandWaters">Inland Waters</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/inlandWaters">Sjöar och vattendrag</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract xml:lang="en" contentType="abstract">Aquatic ecosystems exchange gases with the atmosphere and this exchange is critical for many ecosystem processes and the global greenhouse gas cycle. However, it is difficult to determine how fast gases exchange with the atmosphere, especially in running waters where bubbles can speed up the exchange of certain gases. Here, we provide a data set on air-water gas exchange velocities, collected during an outdoor flume experiment. We used experimental stream channels to create a wide range of flow conditions, and tested how these conditions effect the rate at which different gases in the water exchange with the atmosphere. Besides  gas exchange velocities for direct air-water exchange and exchange mediated by bubbles, the data set also contains data on, among others, flow conditions, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, bubble flux rate and ambient underwater sound pressure signatures. The experimental design and data are described in articles by Vingiani et al. (2021) and Klaus et al. (2022).

main data contributions:
(1) Gas exchange velocity estimates based on mass balance of various gases in flume water
Concentrations of helium, xenon, argon och methane were measured in the in- and outlet water of the flumes using mass-spectrometry . A mass balance of the gases yielded air-water gas exchange velocities.
(2) turbulent kinetic energy dissipation estimates based on Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry
Three-dimensional flow velocities were measured at 24 locations per flume using an Acoustic Doppler Velocity meter. Spectral analysis was applied to derives turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates.
(3) sound pressure signatures derived from Hydrophone and microphone recordings
Ambient sound was recorded at 12 locations per flume using a hydrophone and a microphone. Spectral analysis was used to derive sound signatures associated with water flow / turbulence and air bubbles.</abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="sv" contentType="abstract">Vattendrag bidrar med viktiga ekosystemtjänster till samhället och många av dessa processer är kopplade till vattendragens utbyte av gaser med atmosfären. Detaljerad kunskap om vilka processer som reglerar detta gasutbyte är dock bristfällig, framförallt rollen av bubblor som kan snabba på utbytet för vissa gaser. Den här databasen innehåller resultat från ett utomhusexperiment i rännor. Vi simulerade ett brett spektrum av flödesförhållanden i dessa rännor och undersökte hur dessa förhållanden påverkar hur snabbt olika gaser släpps från vattnet till atmosfären. Databasen innehåller resultat på gasutbyteshastigheten både för det direkta utbytet mellan vattnet och atmosfären, och det indirekta utbytet genom bubblor. Dessutom finns resultat på bland annat turbulens-, flödes-, och ljudförhållanden i rännorna. Den experimentella designen och datat beskrivs i artiklar av Vingiani et al. (2021) och Klaus et al. (2022).

huvudsakliga datakällor/metoder:
(1) gasutbyteshastigheter tagit fram genom massbalansberäkningar i rännorna
Koncentrationer av helium, xenon, argon och metan har mätts i in- och utloppsvattnet i rännorna med en masspektrometer. en massbalans av gaserna har gjorts för att ta fram gasutbyteshastigheter med atmosfären. 
(2) turbulens beräknat från tredimensionella flödesmätningar
Tredimensionella flödeshastigheter har mätts vid 24 punkter per ränna med en Akustiskt Doppler Velocitymeter och spektralanalys har använts för att beräkna turbulens. 
(3) ljudtryck mätt med hydrofoner och mikrofoner
Ljud har spelats in vid 12 punkter per ränna med hydrofoner och mikrofoner och spektralanalys har använts för att ta fram ljudsignaturer skapat av vattenflödet/turbulens och bubblor.</abstract>
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        <collDate xml:lang="en" date="2019-07-22" event="start">2019-07-22</collDate>
        <collDate xml:lang="en" date="2019-08-06" event="end">2019-08-06</collDate>
        <nation xml:lang="en" abbr="AT">Austria</nation>
        <nation xml:lang="sv" abbr="AT">Österrike</nation>
        <dataKind xml:lang="en">Numeric</dataKind>
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    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=en-5.0.0">Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry</concept></collMode>
        <collMode xml:lang="sv">Tredimensionella flödeshastighetsmätningar<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=sv-5.0.0">Tredimensionella flödeshastighetsmätningar</concept></collMode>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Mass balance of various gases (He, Ar, Xe, CH4) in flume water<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=en-5.0.0">Mass balance of various gases (He, Ar, Xe, CH4) in flume water</concept></collMode>
        <collMode xml:lang="sv">Massbalans av olika gaser (He, Ar, Xe, CH4) i rännorna<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=sv-5.0.0">Massbalans av olika gaser (He, Ar, Xe, CH4) i rännorna</concept></collMode>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Hydrophone / microphone measurements<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=en-5.0.0">Hydrophone / microphone measurements</concept></collMode>
        <collMode xml:lang="sv">Hydrofon / mikrofonmätningar<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=sv-5.0.0">Hydrofon / mikrofonmätningar</concept></collMode>
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    </method>
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      <useStmt>
        <restrctn xml:lang="en">Access to data through SND. Data are freely accessible.</restrctn>
        <restrctn xml:lang="sv">Åtkomst till data via SND. Data är fritt tillgängliga.</restrctn>
        <conditions elementVersion="info:eu-repo-Access-Terms vocabulary">openAccess</conditions>
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        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl xml:lang="sv">Vingiani, F., Durighetto, N., Klaus, M., Schelker, J., Labasque, T., &amp; Botter, G. (2021). Evaluating stream CO2 outgassing via drifting and anchored flux chambers in a controlled flume experiment. Biogeosciences, 18, 1223–1240.</titl>
            <parTitl xml:lang="en">Vingiani, F., Durighetto, N., Klaus, M., Schelker, J., Labasque, T., &amp; Botter, G. (2021). Evaluating stream CO2 outgassing via drifting and anchored flux chambers in a controlled flume experiment. Biogeosciences, 18, 1223–1240.</parTitl>
            <IDNo agency="DOI">10.5194/bg-18-1223-2021</IDNo>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2021">2021</distDate>
          </distStmt>
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        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl xml:lang="sv">Klaus, M., Labasque, T., Botter, G., Durighetto, N., &amp; Schelker, J. (2022). Unraveling the contribution of turbulence and bubbles to air-water gas exchange in running waters. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 127, e2021JG006520.</titl>
            <parTitl xml:lang="en">Klaus, M., Labasque, T., Botter, G., Durighetto, N., &amp; Schelker, J. (2022). Unraveling the contribution of turbulence and bubbles to air-water gas exchange in running waters. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 127, e2021JG006520.</parTitl>
            <IDNo agency="DOI">10.1029/2021JG006520</IDNo>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2022">2022</distDate>
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