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        <titl xml:lang="sv">Minskad ideologisk polarisering och konflikt i Västeuropa? (DIPAC) 
Election Manifesto Data</titl>
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        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Decreased Ideological Polarization and Conflict in Western Europe? (DIPAC)
Election Manifesto Data</parTitl>
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        <titl xml:lang="sv">Minskad ideologisk polarisering och konflikt i Västeuropa? (DIPAC) 
Election Manifesto Data</titl>
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        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Decreased Ideological Polarization and Conflict in Western Europe? (DIPAC)
Election Manifesto Data</parTitl>
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        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Political Science, Linnaeus University">Hagevi, Magnus</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Institutionen för statsvetenskap, Linnéuniversitetet">Hagevi, Magnus</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mid Sweden University">Blombäck, Sofie</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, Mittuniversitetet">Blombäck, Sofie</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg">Demker, Marie</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Göteborgs universitet">Demker, Marie</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg">Hinnfors, Jonas</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Göteborgs universitet">Hinnfors, Jonas</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Political Science, Stockholm University">Loxbo, Karl</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Stockholms universitet">Loxbo, Karl</AuthEnty>
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        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/abcac2a6-67a3-46cc-8fb4-0d484020aade">EUROPEAN UNION</keyword>
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        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/deb1aed5-9519-4ba5-bc0c-2e5b819c8f9e">IDEOLOGIES</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/deb1aed5-9519-4ba5-bc0c-2e5b819c8f9e">IDEOLOGI</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/23315627-c387-4899-b089-999fa67b4031">PARTY SYSTEMS</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/23315627-c387-4899-b089-999fa67b4031">PARTISYSTEM</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/c1561f24-0cc7-464c-82c9-e8d820060494">POLITICAL PARTIES</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/c1561f24-0cc7-464c-82c9-e8d820060494">POLITISKA PARTIER</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/a692fe53-339d-471f-955b-027a49bc920e">SOCIAL POLICY</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/a692fe53-339d-471f-955b-027a49bc920e">POLITIK (POLICY)</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/31e7fac9-bcee-4eda-85f6-cba2f5e7a002">ECONOMIC POLICY</keyword>
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        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Politics">POLITICS</topcClas>
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        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Politics.Elections">Elections</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Politics.Elections">Val</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Politics.PoliticalIdeology">Political ideology</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Politics.PoliticalIdeology">Politisk ideologi</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Politics.GovernmentPoliticalSystemsAndOrganisations">Government, political systems and organisations</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Politics.GovernmentPoliticalSystemsAndOrganisations">Regering, politiska system och organisationer</topcClas>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en" contentType="abstract">A widely argued view is that dominant mainstream parties have become less ideologically distinct over time. Still, although this is a dominant and reoccurring thesis, we argue that it is largely unsubstantiated. Therefore, the goal of this project is to systematically compare the evolution of ideas and policies supplied by political parties, from the 1970s onwards, in eight Western European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and United Kingdom.

The project aimed to answer the following two questions: To what extent are the ideas and policies of political parties converging or diverging in Western European party systems? Are changes in the parties’ ideas and policies initiated mainly by the parties, or are they adjusting to voter demand arising from social changes? Additionally, the project breaks new ground by testing central hypotheses of party system changes on unique data. We supplement existent content analyses of election manifestos with in-depth, qualitative, analyses of the actual ideas expressed in these documents, over time. The aim has been to collect all types of data as close as possible to the middle of each decade, i.e., close to 1975, 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015.

The project works with various data files. In this part, the project focuses on election manifestos of political parties in Western Europe from the 1970s through the 2010s</abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="sv" contentType="abstract">En allmän uppfattning bland många forskare är att etablerade partier har blivit mindre ideologiskt distinkta med tiden. Ändå, även om detta är en dominerande och återkommande tes, hävdar vi att den i stort sett är ogrundad. Målet med projektet är därför att, med nydanande data och angreppssätt, beskriva och förklara partiernas idé- och policyutveckling sedan 1970-talet och jämföra denna utveckling mellan åtta västeuropeiska länder: Danmark, Frankrike, Irland, Nederländerna, Norge, Storbritannien, Sverige och Tyskland. 

Projektet syftar till att besvara följande två frågor: I vad mån konvergerar eller divergerar politiska partiers idéer och policy i de västeuropeiska partisystemen? Initieras förändringen av partiernas idéer och policy i huvudsak av partierna själva eller anpassar de sig efter väljarnas efterfrågan som har sin grund i samhällsförändringar? Projektets genomför banbrytande empiriska studier från åtta västeuropeiska länder. Vi studerar partiernas ideologiska polarisering och konflikt genom i huvudsak kvalitativa studier av valmanifest. Datainsamlingen sker vid fem tillfällen i mitten av respektive decennium, från 1970-talet till 2010-talet, det vill säga omkring 1975, 1985, 1995, 2005 och 2015.

Projektet arbetar med olika datafiler. I denna del rör projektet valmanifest från västeuropeiska partier från 1970-talet till 2010-talet.</abstract>
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        <collDate xml:lang="en" date="2020-12-31" event="end">2020-12-31</collDate>
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        <sampProc xml:lang="sv">Datainsamlingen sker i åtta västeuropeiska länder: Danmark, Frankrike, Irland, Nederländerna, Norge, Storbritannien, Sverige och Tyskland. Datainsamling sker vid fem tillfällen i mitten av respektive decennium, från 1970-talet till 2010-talet, det vill säga omkring 1975, 1985, 1995, 2005 och 2015.<concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/SamplingProcedure/2.0.1?languageVersion=sv-2.0.1">Datainsamlingen sker i åtta västeuropeiska länder: Danmark, Frankrike, Irland, Nederländerna, Norge, Storbritannien, Sverige och Tyskland. Datainsamling sker vid fem tillfällen i mitten av respektive decennium, från 1970-talet till 2010-talet, det vill säga omkring 1975, 1985, 1995, 2005 och 2015.</concept></sampProc>
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