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        <r:String xml:lang="sv">Ageing in Women and Men: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences in Health Behaviour and Health among Elderly (GENDER)</r:String>
        <r:String xml:lang="en">Ageing in Women and Men: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences in Health Behaviour and Health among Elderly (GENDER)</r:String>
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          <r:String xml:lang="sv">Jönköping University</r:String>
          <r:String xml:lang="en">Jönköping University</r:String>
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          <r:String xml:lang="sv">Jönköping University</r:String>
          <r:String xml:lang="en">Jönköping University</r:String>
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        <r:SimpleDate>2022-03-18</r:SimpleDate>
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    <r:Abstract>
      <r:Content xml:lang="sv">Den longitudinella studien av könsskillnader i hälsobeteende och hälsa bland äldre (GENDER) är en studie av tvillingpar av motsatt kön födda mellan 1906 och 1925 (Gold et al., 2002). 

Delstudier:
• Ett frågeformulär rörande hälsa- och hälsobeteenden skickades ut 1994 med svar från 1 210 tvillingar från 605 par där båda svarade. Medelåldern vid baslinjebedömningen var 74,43 år (SD 4,28) och alla var kaukasier. 
• En grundläggande undersökning utfördes 1995-1997 av 498 tvillingar (249 par) som var mellan 70 och 80 år. Undersökningen inkluderade en intervju och tester av kognitiv och fysisk funktion. 
• Ytterligare två frågeformulär genomfördes med fyra års intervall (1999-2001 och 2003-2005). 
• Slutligen skickades ett annat frågeformulär ut år 2007 till alla levande tvillingar som deltog i den första enkäten.

Huvudsyftet med denna studie var att undersöka könsskillnader i relation till hälsa och hälsobeteenden hos äldre.

Frågor rörande subjektiv hälsa, vårdkonsumtion och beteenden,  hälsoattityder, upplevd funktionsförmåga, personlighet, socialt nätverk samt formell och informell vård etc. finns tillgängliga. Data rörande handstyrka, blodtryck, muskelstyrka- och balans samt kognitiv funktionsförmåga finns tillgängliga. Information om blodvärden och gener finns även tillgängligt.</r:Content>
      <r:Content xml:lang="en">The Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences in Health Behaviour and Health among Elderly (GENDER) is a study of unlike-sex twin pairs born between 1906 and 1925 (Gold et al., 2002). 

Sub-studies:
• A survey concerning health and health behaviors was mailed in 1994 with responses from 1210 twins from 605 pairs where both responded. Mean age at baseline assessment was 74.43 years (SD 4.28) and all were Caucasians. 
• A baseline in-person evaluation of 498 twins from 249 pairs between 70 and 80 years of age was undertaken between 1995 and 1997, and included an interview and tests of cognitive and physical functioning.
• Two additional in-person waves followed at four-year intervals (1999-2001 and 2003-2005). 
• Finally, a second survey was mailed in 2007 to all living twins who participated in the first mailed survey.

The main interest of the study was gender differences in health and health behaviors in old age. 

Questions about subjective health, use of healthcare, and behaviors and attitudes related to health, perceived ADL capacity, personality and social networks, formal and informal care etc. are available. Measures of grip-strength, vital capacity, blood pressure, a number of exercises related to muscle strength and balance, and cognitive functions are available. Blood values and genotyping are also available.</r:Content>
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