<codeBook xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xsi:schemaLocation="ddi:codebook:2_6 http://www.ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-Codebook/2.6/XMLSchema/codebook.xsd" xmlns="ddi:codebook:2_6">
  <docDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl xml:lang="sv">Ageing in Women and Men: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences in Health Behaviour and Health among Elderly (GENDER) - Q2: enkät 2007</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Ageing in Women and Men: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences in Health Behaviour and Health among Elderly (GENDER) - Q2:  survey 2007</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="SND">2022-46-5-1</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer xml:lang="en" abbr="SND">Swedish National Data Service</producer>
        <producer xml:lang="sv" abbr="SND">Svensk nationell datatjänst</producer>
      </prodStmt>
    </citation>
  </docDscr>
  <stdyDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl xml:lang="sv">Ageing in Women and Men: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences in Health Behaviour and Health among Elderly (GENDER) - Q2: enkät 2007</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Ageing in Women and Men: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences in Health Behaviour and Health among Elderly (GENDER) - Q2:  survey 2007</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="SND">2022-46-5-1</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.1093/geronb/57.3.s168</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="College of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University">Finkel, Deborah</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping University">Finkel, Deborah</AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt />
      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr xml:lang="en" abbr="SND" URI="https://snd.se">Swedish National Data Service</distrbtr>
        <distrbtr xml:lang="sv" abbr="SND" URI="https://snd.se">Svensk nationell datatjänst</distrbtr>
        <distDate xml:lang="en" date="2022-03-18" />
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt>
        <serName xml:lang="en" abbr="national-e-infrastructure-for-aging-research-in-sweden-near">NEAR - National E-Infrastructure for Aging Research in Sweden</serName>
        <serInfo xml:lang="en">The global increase in life expectancy is one of the greatest achievements of the last half century. However, the demographic development towards an older population poses tremendous societal and medical challenges globally, especially in developed countries such as Sweden. Promoting healthy ageing is therefore one of the most important commitments of the 21st century and to succeed, scientifically based knowledge of older individuals’ health- and care requirements are needed. 

To better understand the individual and population aging process, the National E-infrastructure for Aging Research (NEAR) was founded in 2018 to build and run a national infrastructure by integrating existing databases from the major population-based longitudinal studies on aging and health in Sweden. NEAR comprises 15 databases located at 8 different universities, which allows comparison, integration, and pooling of data from a large Swedish sample of 180 000 older adults aged 50+ years. NEAR includes information on clinical, biological, social, and environmental data that are assessed at the individual level by physicians, nurses, and psychologists on several occasions during a follow-up period ranging between 12 and 52 years.  

The creation of a national infrastructures, such as NEAR, is needed to achieve broad, multidisciplinary research perspectives that cannot be achieved by individual databases. Moreover, to address the increased health demands of an older population and enhance new opportunities for aging research, a critical mass of data is needed to increase sample sizes, variations, representativeness, and generalizability. Ultimately, this can lead to the identification of sustainable intervention strategies for better health and care for older persons in Sweden during the coming decades.</serInfo>
        <serInfo xml:lang="sv">Den globalt ökade livslängden är en av de senaste halvseklets största landvinningar. Men den demografiska utvecklingen mot en äldre befolkning innebär även enorma samhälleliga och medicinska utmaningar globalt och särskilt i utvecklade länder som Sverige. Att främja ett hälsosamt åldrande är därför en av 2000-talets viktigaste åtaganden och för att lyckas behövs vetenskapligt baserad kunskap om äldres hälsa och vårdbehov.

För att bättre förstå åldrandet utifrån ett individuellt samt grupperspektiv grundades den nationella e-infrastrukturen för äldreforskning (NEAR) år 2018. Denna nationella infrastruktur har byggts upp och drivs genom att integrera befintliga databaser från de största populationsbaserade longitudinella studierna om åldrande och hälsa i Sverige. NEAR består av 15 databaser från 8 olika universitet vilket möjliggör jämförelse, integrering och sammanslagning av data från ett stort urval av 180 000 individer som är 50 år och äldre. NEAR tillhandahåller kliniska, biologiska, sociala och miljömässiga data som samlats in på individnivå av läkare, sjuksköterskor och psykologer vid upprepade tillfällen över en uppföljningsperiod som varierar mellan 12 och 52 år.

En nationell infrastruktur som NEAR behövs för att uppnå multidisciplinära forskningsperspektiv som inte kan åstadkommas genom användandet av enskilda databaser. För att ta itu med de ökade hälsoutmaningarna som kommer med en åldrande befolkning, samt förbättra nya möjligheter till äldreforskning behövs dessutom en kritisk massa av data för att öka urval, variation, representativitet och generaliserbarhet. I slutändan kan detta leda till utvecklandet av hållbara interventionsstrategier för bättre hälsa och omsorg av äldre i Sverige under de kommande decennierna.</serInfo>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version elementVersion="1" elementVersionDate="2022-03-18" />
      </verStmt>
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/61c87cce-3c48-4825-9bcc-953aa28944aa">AGEING</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/61c87cce-3c48-4825-9bcc-953aa28944aa">ÅLDRANDE</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/91c1b36f-85ff-4345-9678-86a4950fe57a">HEALTH</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/91c1b36f-85ff-4345-9678-86a4950fe57a">HÄLSA</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/d0983511-acac-4585-ae73-a5d3ae2b54c7">SEX</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/d0983511-acac-4585-ae73-a5d3ae2b54c7">KÖN</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/ff3e5e85-3580-4fb9-a7b0-8da18b6be51f">WELL-BEING (HEALTH)</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/ff3e5e85-3580-4fb9-a7b0-8da18b6be51f">VÄLBEFINNANDE (HÄLSA)</keyword>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Demography">DEMOGRAPHY (POPULATION, VITAL STATISTICS, AND CENSUSES)</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Demography">DEMOGRAFI (POPULATION, VITALSTATISTIK OCH FOLKRÄKNINGAR)</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Health">HEALTH</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Health">HÄLSA</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Health.HealthCareServicesAndPolicies">Health care services and policies</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Health.HealthCareServicesAndPolicies">Hälso- och sjukvårdstjänster och -politik</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Health.GeneralHealthAndWellbeing">General health and well-being</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Health.GeneralHealthAndWellbeing">Allmän hälsa och välbefinnande</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=SocialStratificationAndGroupings.GenderAndGenderRoles">Gender and gender roles</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=SocialStratificationAndGroupings.GenderAndGenderRoles">Kön och könsroller</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=SocialStratificationAndGroupings.Elderly">Elderly</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=SocialStratificationAndGroupings.Elderly">Äldre</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Psychology">PSYCHOLOGY</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Psychology">PSYKOLOGI</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Other">OTHER</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Other">ÖVRIGT</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract xml:lang="en" contentType="abstract">The Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences in Health Behaviour and Health among Elderly (GENDER) is a study of unlike-sex twin pairs born between 1906 and 1925 (Gold et al., 2002). A survey concerning health and health behaviors was mailed in 1994 with responses from 1210 twins from 605 pairs where both responded. Mean age at baseline assessment was 74.43 years (SD 4.28) and all were Caucasians. 

The main interest of the study was gender differences in health and health behaviors in old age. 
•	Questions about subjective health, use of healthcare, and behaviors and attitudes related to health, perceived ADL capacity, personality and social networks, formal and informal care etc. are available.
•	Measures of grip-strength, vital capacity, blood pressure, a number of exercises related to muscle strength and balance, and cognitive functions are available. 
•	Blood values and genotyping are also available.

Study Reference: 
Gold, C. H., Malmberg, B., McClearn, G. E., Pedersen, N. L., &amp; Berg, S. (2002). Gender and health: A study of older unlike-sex twins. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B, S168-S176.

Questions about subjective health, medication consumption and behaviors and attitudes related to health, perceived ADL capacity, personality and social networks, formal and informal care, etc. are available.</abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="sv" contentType="abstract">Den longitudinella studien av könsskillnader i hälsobeteende och hälsa bland äldre (GENDER) är en studie av tvillingpar av motsatt kön födda mellan 1906 och 1925 (Gold et al., 2002). Ett frågeformulär rörande hälsa- och hälsobeteenden skickades ut 1994 med svar från 1 210 tvillingar från 605 par där båda svarade. Medelåldern vid baslinjebedömningen var 74,43 år (SD 4,28) och alla var kaukasier. 

Huvudsyftet med denna studie var att undersöka könsskillnader i relation till hälsa och hälsobeteenden hos äldre.
•	Frågor rörande subjektiv hälsa, vårdkonsumtion och beteenden,  hälsoattityder, upplevd funktionsförmåga, personlighet, socialt nätverk samt formell och informell vård etc. finns tillgängliga.
•	Data rörande handstyrka, blodtryck, muskelstyrka- och balans samt kognitiv funktionsförmåga finns tillgängliga.
•	Information om blodvärden och gener finns även tillgängligt.

Studiereferens:
Gold, C. H., Malmberg, B., McClearn, G. E., Pedersen, N. L., &amp; Berg, S. (2002). Gender and health: A study of older unlike-sex twins. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B, S168-S176.

Frågor om subjektiv hälsa, medicinkonsumtion och beteenden och attityder relaterade till hälsa, upplevd ADL-kapacitet, personlighet och sociala nätverk, formell och informell vård etc. finns tillgängliga.</abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <collDate xml:lang="en" date="2007" event="start">2007</collDate>
        <collDate xml:lang="en" date="2007" event="end">2007</collDate>
        <nation xml:lang="en" abbr="SE">Sweden</nation>
        <nation xml:lang="sv" abbr="SE">Sverige</nation>
        <anlyUnit xml:lang="en" unit="Individual">Individual<concept vocab="DDI Analysis Unit" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/AnalysisUnit/2.1.3?languageVersion=en-2.1.3">Individual</concept></anlyUnit>
        <anlyUnit xml:lang="sv" unit="Individ">Individ<concept vocab="DDI Analysis Unit" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/AnalysisUnit/2.1.3?languageVersion=sv-2.1.3">Individ</concept></anlyUnit>
        <universe xml:lang="en">Opposite-sex twins born between 1906 and 1925 and living in Sweden in 1994</universe>
        <universe xml:lang="sv">Tvillingar av motsatt kön födda mellan 1906 och 1925 och bosatta i Sverige 1994</universe>
        <dataKind xml:lang="en">Numeric</dataKind>
        <dataKind xml:lang="en">Text</dataKind>
      </sumDscr>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <timeMeth xml:lang="en">Longitudinal: Panel<concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TimeMethod/1.2.3?languageVersion=en-1.2.3">Longitudinal: Panel</concept></timeMeth>
        <timeMeth xml:lang="sv">Longitudinell: Panel<concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/TimeMethod/1.2.3?languageVersion=sv-1.2.3">Longitudinell: Panel</concept></timeMeth>
        <sampProc xml:lang="en">Opposite-sex twin pairs born between 1906 and 1925 were identified in the Swedish Twin Registry and invited to participate in the study.<concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/SamplingProcedure/2.0.1?languageVersion=en-2.0.1">Opposite-sex twin pairs born between 1906 and 1925 were identified in the Swedish Twin Registry and invited to participate in the study.</concept></sampProc>
        <sampProc xml:lang="sv">Tvillingar av motsatt kön födda mellan 1906 och 1925 identifierades i Svenska tvillingregistret och uppmanades att delta i studien.<concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/SamplingProcedure/2.0.1?languageVersion=sv-2.0.1">Tvillingar av motsatt kön födda mellan 1906 och 1925 identifierades i Svenska tvillingregistret och uppmanades att delta i studien.</concept></sampProc>
        <sampProc xml:lang="en">Other<concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/SamplingProcedure/2.0.1?languageVersion=en-2.0.1">Other</concept></sampProc>
        <sampProc xml:lang="sv">Övrigt<concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/SamplingProcedure/2.0.1?languageVersion=sv-2.0.1">Övrigt</concept></sampProc>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Self-administered questionnaire<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=en-5.0.0">Self-administered questionnaire</concept></collMode>
        <collMode xml:lang="sv">Självadministrerat frågeformulär<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=sv-5.0.0">Självadministrerat frågeformulär</concept></collMode>
      </dataColl>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn xml:lang="en">Access to data through an external actor. Access to data is restricted.</restrctn>
        <restrctn xml:lang="sv">Åtkomst till data via extern aktör. Tillgång till data är begränsad.</restrctn>
        <conditions elementVersion="info:eu-repo-Access-Terms vocabulary">restrictedAccess</conditions>
      </useStmt>
    </dataAccs>
    <othrStdyMat>
      <relPubl>
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl xml:lang="sv">Gold, C. H., Malmberg, B., McClearn, G. E., Pedersen, N. L., &amp; Berg, S. (2002). Gender and health: A study of older unlike-sex twins. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B, S168-S176.</titl>
            <parTitl xml:lang="en">Gold, C. H., Malmberg, B., McClearn, G. E., Pedersen, N. L., &amp; Berg, S. (2002). Gender and health: A study of older unlike-sex twins. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B, S168-S176.</parTitl>
            <IDNo agency="DOI">10.1093/geronb/57.3.s168</IDNo>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2002">2002</distDate>
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
    </othrStdyMat>
  </stdyDscr>
</codeBook>