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        <titl xml:lang="sv">Data för: The Changing Character of U.S.-China Economic Relations: From Competition to Geopolitical Rivalry, 2018-2023</titl>
        <altTitl>US-China Trade-War Measure Dataset</altTitl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Data for: The Changing Character of U.S.-China Economic Relations: From Competition to Geopolitical Rivalry, 2018-2023</parTitl>
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      <titlStmt>
        <titl xml:lang="sv">Data för: The Changing Character of U.S.-China Economic Relations: From Competition to Geopolitical Rivalry, 2018-2023</titl>
        <altTitl>US-China Trade-War Measure Dataset</altTitl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Data for: The Changing Character of U.S.-China Economic Relations: From Competition to Geopolitical Rivalry, 2018-2023</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="SND">2023-303-1</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5878/f88y-gs19</IDNo>
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        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="National Defence University">Fjellner, Lina</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Försvarshögskolan">Fjellner, Lina</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Political Science and Law, Swedish Defence University">Ekelund, Hugo</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Institutionen för Statskunskap och Juridik, Försvarshögskolan">Ekelund, Hugo</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Political Science, National Defence University">Engelbrekt, Kjell</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Försvarshögskolan">Engelbrekt, Kjell</AuthEnty>
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        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/665b26c9-2c75-4c4f-a0f6-847b227a4f28">TRADE POLICY</keyword>
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        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/eec698d5-7b22-4978-82da-e1c616d0420d">DEFENCE AND STATE SECURITY POLICY</keyword>
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        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/a9bbfa5b-265d-4049-b60c-1650e317241b">ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/a9bbfa5b-265d-4049-b60c-1650e317241b">TILLGÅNG TILL INFORMATIONS- OCH KOMMUNIKATIONSTEKNOLOGI</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/87cb170b-4146-4d4a-ba38-81e9942aecc7">INTERNATIONAL TRADE</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id/6/87cb170b-4146-4d4a-ba38-81e9942aecc7">INTERNATIONELL HANDEL</keyword>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Economics.EconomicPolicyPublicExpenditureAndRevenue">Economic policy, public expenditure and revenue</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Economics.EconomicPolicyPublicExpenditureAndRevenue">Ekonomisk politik, offentliga utgifter och intäkter</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Politics.InternationalPoliticsAndOrganisations">International politics and organisations</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=Politics.InternationalPoliticsAndOrganisations">Internationell politik och organisationer</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=TradeIndustryAndMarkets.ForeignTrade">Foreign trade</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/vocabulary/TopicClassification?code=TradeIndustryAndMarkets.ForeignTrade">Utrikeshandel</topcClas>
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      <abstract xml:lang="en" contentType="abstract">This data set compiles measures taken by the U.S. and China to escalate the trade war between 01-01-2018 to 15-11-2023. To collect these measures, we have utilised lists and timelines, and articles on the U.S.-China trade war from several academic sources, credible news outlets, primary sources, and reports from established research institutes. A measure in the trade war is defined as an action by China or the U.S. targeting only - or primarily - the other party to disrupt trade or other flows of money and/or commercial goods between the countries to further a political goal. The variables are of categorical nature, as we assess the specific type of action undertaken, be it a tariff, sanction, or ban.</abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="sv" contentType="abstract">Detta dataset omfattar åtgärder som har vidtagits av USA eller Kina i handelskriget mellan datumen 01-01-2018 till 15-11-2023. För att kunna sammanställa dessa åtgärder har vi använt oss av olika listor, tidslinjer och artiklar från ett urval av olika källor från olika akademiska källor, nyhetsartiklar, förstahandskällor samt från etablerade forskningsinstitut. En åtgärd i handelskriget definieras som en handling från Kina eller USA som enbart - eller i första hand - riktar sig mot den andra aktören för att störa handeln för att främja ett politiskt mål. Variablerna är av kategoriskt värde då vi exempelvis mäter vad för typ av åtgärd som vidtagits, om det är en tull, sanktion eller förbud.</abstract>
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        <collDate xml:lang="en" date="2023-11-09" event="start">2023-11-09</collDate>
        <collDate xml:lang="en" date="2023-12-20" event="end">2023-12-20</collDate>
        <nation xml:lang="en" abbr="CN">China</nation>
        <nation xml:lang="sv" abbr="CN">Kina</nation>
        <nation xml:lang="en" abbr="US">United States</nation>
        <nation xml:lang="sv" abbr="US">USA</nation>
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        <universe xml:lang="en">Undertaken measures are the object of research in this dataset. A measure in the trade war is defined as an action by China or the U.S. targeting only - or primarily - the other party to disrupt trade or other flows of money and/or commercial goods between the countries to further a political goal. The variables are of categorical nature, as we assess the specific type of action undertaken, whether it is a tariff, sanction, or ban.</universe>
        <universe xml:lang="sv">Vidtagna åtgärder är det som studeras i databasen. En åtgärd i handelskriget definieras som en handling från Kina eller USA som enbart - eller i första hand - riktar sig mot den andra aktören för att störa handeln för att främja ett politiskt mål. Variablerna är av kategoriskt värde då vi exempelvis mäter vad för typ av åtgärd som vidtagits, om det är en tull, sanktion eller förbud.</universe>
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        <sampProc xml:lang="en">We have utilised lists and timelines, and articles on the U.S.-China trade war from several academic sources, credible news outlets, primary sources, and reports from established research institutes.<concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/SamplingProcedure/2.0.1?languageVersion=en-2.0.1">We have utilised lists and timelines, and articles on the U.S.-China trade war from several academic sources, credible news outlets, primary sources, and reports from established research institutes.</concept></sampProc>
        <sampProc xml:lang="sv">Vi har använt oss av olika listor, tidslinjer och artiklar från ett urval av olika källor från olika akademiska källor, nyhetsartiklar, förstahandskällor samt från etablerade forskningsinstitut.<concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/SamplingProcedure/2.0.1?languageVersion=sv-2.0.1">Vi har använt oss av olika listor, tidslinjer och artiklar från ett urval av olika källor från olika akademiska källor, nyhetsartiklar, förstahandskällor samt från etablerade forskningsinstitut.</concept></sampProc>
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        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl xml:lang="sv">Hugo Ekelund, Lina Fjellner and Kjell Engelbrekt, "The Changing Character of U.S.-China Economic Relations: From Competition to Geopolitical Rivalry, 2018-2023", Asia Policy, vol. 21, no. 1, January 2026 [Forthcoming]</titl>
            <parTitl xml:lang="en">Hugo Ekelund, Lina Fjellner and Kjell Engelbrekt, "The Changing Character of U.S.-China Economic Relations: From Competition to Geopolitical Rivalry, 2018-2023", Asia Policy, vol. 21, no. 1, January 2026 [Forthcoming]</parTitl>
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            <distDate date="2026">2026</distDate>
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