Observational study, which was based on retrospective journal review. The samples consisted of all ambulance missions (n=7260) that were classified as ESS 04 (dyspnoea as the main symptom) by ambulance clinicians during the year 2017 in two areas in southwestern Sweden, which included 16 ambulance stations. After a manual review of ambulance records and hospital records, 908 patients were excluded (reason: age < 16 years, missing social security number, ambulance transports to hospitals outside included areas, duplicate ambulance records, insufficient documentation, incorrect ESS code and secondary transports). This meant that 6354 patients were finally included.
Kauppi, W. (2022). Kampen mot det okontrollerbara vid existensens gräns : Patienten med andnöd i behov av ambulanssjukvård. (Skrifter från Högskolan i Borås, 127). Borås, Högskolan i Borås.
Kauppi, W., Herlitz, J., Thomas, K., Magnusson, C., Palmér, L., & Axelsson, C. (2020). Pre-hospital predictors of an adverse outcome among patients with dyspnoea as the main symptom assessed by prehospital emergency nurses - a retrospective observational study. In BMC Emergency Medicine (Vol. 20, Issue 1, 89).
Kauppi, W., Herlitz, J., Magnusson, C., Palmér, L., & Axelsson, C. (2020). Characteristics and outcomes of patients with dyspnoea as the main symptom, assessed by prehospital emergency nurses - a retrospective observational study. In BMC Emergency Medicine (Vol. 20, Issue 1, 67).
Signs and symptoms; pathological conditions
Data on abnormal anatomical or physiological conditions, and objective or subjective manifestations of disease/symptoms, not classified as disease or syndrome (in which case 'Specific diseases, disorders or medical conditions' would be used). Includes clinical manifestations that can be objective when observed by a medical professional or subjective when perceived by the patient. E.g. pain, diarrhoea, rash, leg length inequality, insomnia, teeth grinding, inflammation, arrhythmia.
A vehicle equipped for transporting patients in need of emergency care.
Services specifically designed, staffed, and equipped for the emergency care of patients.