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        <r:String xml:lang="sv">Data för: Perennial flower strips increase pollinator and natural enemy abundance but show limited efficacy in pest control for adjacent crops</r:String>
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      <r:Content xml:lang="sv">Vi provtog pollinatörer, naturliga fiender och växtätare genom visuella observationer, gula klisterfällor, fallfällor och skottavräkningar samt uppskattade predation och nedbrytningshastighet med bladluskort och "bait lamina strips" i tio par pollinatörsattraktiva fleråriga blomsterremsor och kontrollfältkanter och deras intilliggande spannmålsfält i Skåne, Sverige 2021. 

Fältkanterna (blomsterremsa vs spontan vegetation som kontroll) karakteriserades genom att uppskatta procentandelen växttäcke och den totala blomarean (för varje art beräknade vi antalet blomenheter x genomsnittlig blomarea) i åtta 0,6 x 0,6 m kvadrater jämnt fördelade längs en 100 m lång transekt. Data samlades in två gånger under blomsterremsans blomningsperiod.

Pollinatörer (blomflugor, honungsbin, humlor, solitärbin och fjärilar) som besökte blommor undersöktes under 10 minuter längs en 100 m lång och 1 m bred transekt i varje typ av fältkant. Pollinatörer undersöktes två gånger under blomsterremsans blomningsperiod; samma dagar som karakteriseringen av fältkanterna gjordes.

Bladlevande naturliga fiender och växtätare samlades in med hjälp av gula klisterfällor (20 cm x 12,6 cm). Fyra fällor av varje typ placerades längs den 100 m långa transekten i fältkanterna och ytterligare fyra i det intilliggande spannmålsfältet, 10 m från kanterna, för totalt 16 fällor per plats. Fällorna placerades med 20 m mellanrum inom varje transekt och var kvar i fältet i sju dagar. Data samlades in två gånger under blomsterremsans blomningsperiod. 

Marklevande naturliga fiender provtogs med hjälp av fallfällor tillverkade av polypropylenbägare (12 cm diameter) fyllda med 200 ml tvålvatten. Fyra fällor av varje typ placerades längs den 100 m långa transekten i fältkanterna och ytterligare fyra i det intilliggande spannmålsfältet, 10 m från kanterna, för totalt 16 fällor per plats. Fällorna placerades med 20 m mellanrum inom varje transekt och var kvar i fältet i sju dagar. Data samlades in två gånger under blomsterremsans blomningsperiod. 

Vi räknade och identifierade alla leddjur som hittades på fyra grupper om fem skott längs varje intilliggande grödotransekt, med ett avstånd på 20 m, vilket resulterade i 80 skott per plats. Data samlades in två gånger under blomsterremsans blomningsperiod. 

Bladluskort sattes upp i  spannmålsfälten för att uppskatta predation av bladlöss. Fyra grupper med två kort på marknivå och två kort på vegetationsnivå sattes upp längs varje intilliggande grödotransekt, med ett avstånd på 20 m, vilket resulterade i 32 kort per plats. Bladluskorten placerades ut samtidigt som det första provtagningsintervallet för skottavräkningarna. Efter 24 timmars exponering samlades korten in och de kvarvarande bladlössen räknades. 

Nedbrytningshastigheten uppskattades genom att placera ut "bait lamina strips" fyllda med ett standardiserat organiskt material. Fyra grupper om fem remsor placerades ut längs varje 100-meterstransekt, med grupper var 20:e meter, vilket resulterade i 80 remsor per plats. Inom varje grupp placerades remsorna med 20 cm mellanrum. Remsorna grävdes ned i marken i 15 dagar, vilket sammanföll med slutet av undersökningarna. Efter denna exponeringsperiod registrerade vi antalet genomborrade hål och beräknade nedbrytningshastigheten genom att dividera antalet genomborrade hål med det totala antalet fyllda hål.

Alla data aggregerades över prover och undersökningsrundor för varje fältkanthabitat och det intilliggande spannmålsfältet.

För ytterligare information, se metoder i manuskriptet Rodríguez-Gasol et al. ”Perennial flower strips increase pollinator and natural enemy abundance but show limited efficacy in pest control for adjacent crops”.</r:Content>
      <r:Content xml:lang="en">We sampled pollinators, natural enemies, and herbivores using visual observations, yellow sticky traps, pitfall traps and tiller counts, as well as estimated predation and decomposition rates using sentinel prey cards and bait lamina strips in ten pairs of pollinator attractive perennial flower strips and control field margins, and their adjacent cereal fields in Skåne, Sweden in 2021. 

Field margins (flower strip vs spontaneous vegetation control) were characterized by estimating the percentage of plant cover and the total floral area (for each species we calculated the number of floral units x average floral area) in eight 0.6 x 0.6 m quadrats evenly distributed along a 100 m transect. Data was collected twice during the main growing period of the flower mixture.

Pollinators (hoverflies, honey bees, bumblebees, solitary bees and butterflies) visiting flowers were surveyed for 10 minutes along a 100 m long and 1 m wide transect in each field margin type. Pollinators were surveyed twice during the main period of the flower mixture on the same days as the margin characterization was done.

Leaf-dwelling natural enemies and herbivores were sampled using yellow sticky traps (20 cm x 12.6 cm). Four traps of each type were placed along the 100 m transect in the field margins and another four in the adjacent crop area, at 10 m from the margins, for a total of 16 traps per site. Traps were spaced 20 m apart within each transect and remained in the field for seven days. Data was collected twice during the main period of the flower mixture. 

Ground-dwelling natural enemies were sampled using pitfall traps made from polypropylene beakers (12 cm diameter) filled with 200 mL of soapy water. Four traps of each type were placed along the 100 m transect in the field margins and another four in the adjacent crop area, at 10 m from the margins, for a total of 16 traps per site. Traps were spaced 20 m apart within each transect and remained in the field for seven days. Data was collected twice during the main period of the flower mixture. 

We counted and identified all arthropods found on four groups of five tillers located along each adjacent crop transect, spaced every 20 m, resulting in 80 crop tillers per site. Data was collected twice during the main period of the flower mixture. 

Sentinel aphid cards were set up in the field to estimate aphid predation rates. Four groups of two cards at ground level and two cards at vegetation level were set up along each adjacent crop transect, spaced every 20 m, resulting in 32 cards per site. Sentinel prey cards were exposed simultaneously during the first sampling interval of the tiller counts. After 24 hours of exposure, the sentinel prey cards were collected, and the remaining aphids were counted. 

Decomposition rates were estimated by setting up bait lamina strips filled with a standardized bait mixture. Four groups of five strips were placed along each 100 m transect, with groups spaced every 20 m, resulting in 80 strips per site. Within each group, strips were spaced 20 cm apart. The lamina strips were buried in the ground for 15 days, coinciding with the end of the surveys. After this exposure period, we recorded the number of pierced holes and calculated the decomposition rate by dividing the number of pierced holes by the total number of bait-filled holes.

All data were aggregated across samples and survey rounds for each field margin habitat and the adjacent in-crop area.

For further information, see methods in the manuscript Rodríguez-Gasol et al. ’Perennial flower strips increase pollinator and natural enemy abundance but show limited efficacy in pest control for adjacent crops’.</r:Content>
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