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      <titlStmt>
        <titl xml:lang="sv">Klassificering av diken och vattendragskanaler kartlagda från högupplösta digitala höjdmodeller med hjälp av maskininlärning</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Classifying Ditch and Stream Channels Mapped From High-Resolution Digital Elevation Models Using Machine Learning</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="SND">2025-170-1</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="slu.se">SLU.seksko.2024.4.4.IÄ-1</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5878/r0x8-kx56</IDNo>
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        <producer xml:lang="en" abbr="SND">Swedish National Data Service</producer>
        <producer xml:lang="sv" abbr="SND">Svensk nationell datatjänst</producer>
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    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl xml:lang="sv">Klassificering av diken och vattendragskanaler kartlagda från högupplösta digitala höjdmodeller med hjälp av maskininlärning</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="en">Classifying Ditch and Stream Channels Mapped From High-Resolution Digital Elevation Models Using Machine Learning</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="SND">2025-170-1</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="slu.se">SLU.seksko.2024.4.4.IÄ-1</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5878/r0x8-kx56</IDNo>
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        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.54612/a.1vuvm11qn6</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="ISBN">9789181240658</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="SwePub">oai:DiVA.org:hj-67215</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.1016/j.cageo.2025.105875</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="URN">urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-67215</IDNo>
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        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences">Busarello, Mariana</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Institutionen för skogens ekologi and skötsel, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet">Busarello, Mariana</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences">Lidberg, William</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Institutionen för skogens ekologi and skötsel, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet">Lidberg, William</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences">Ågren, Anneli</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Institutionen för skogens ekologi and skötsel, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet">Ågren, Anneli</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="en" affiliation="Department of Computing, Jönköping University">Westphal, Florian</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty xml:lang="sv" affiliation="Avdelningen för datavetenskap, Högskolan i Jönköping">Westphal, Florian</AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt />
      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr xml:lang="en" abbr="SND" URI="https://snd.se">Swedish National Data Service</distrbtr>
        <distrbtr xml:lang="sv" abbr="SND" URI="https://snd.se">Svensk nationell datatjänst</distrbtr>
        <distDate xml:lang="en" date="2026-06-23" />
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      <holdings URI="https://doi.org/10.5878/r0x8-kx56">Landing page</holdings>
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="GCMD" vocabURI="https://gcmd.nasa.gov/kms/concept/5e3c573f-a787-4afa-80a4-047c2c5d83f2">RIVERS/STREAMS</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="GCMD" vocabURI="https://gcmd.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4b276110-57bc-4ed6-b741-1ec0383fa962">WATER CHANNELS</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="EnvThes" vocabURI="http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20292">digital elevation model</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="INSPIRE Spatial Data Themes" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/hy">Hydrography</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="INSPIRE Spatial Data Themes" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/hy">Hydrografi</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="YSO" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p7366">ditches</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="YSO" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p7366">diken</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="YSO" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p21846">machine learning</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="YSO" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p21846">maskininlärning</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="en" vocab="YSO" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2616">artificial intelligence</keyword>
        <keyword xml:lang="sv" vocab="YSO" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2616">artificiell intelligens</keyword>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/imageryBaseMapsEarthCover">Imagery / Base Maps / Earth Cover</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/imageryBaseMapsEarthCover">Arealtäckande bilder och bakgrundskartor</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/geoscientificInformation">Geoscientific Information</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/geoscientificInformation">Geovetenskap</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/elevation">Elevation</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/elevation">Höjddata</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/location">Location</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/location">Positionering</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="en" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/inlandWaters">Inland Waters</topcClas>
        <topcClas xml:lang="sv" vocab="INSPIRE topic categories" vocabURI="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/inlandWaters">Sjöar och vattendrag</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract xml:lang="en" contentType="abstract">This data contains the digital elevation models with 0.5 m resolution and polyline shapefiles with the location of channels from the 12 study areas used in this study. 

It also has the scripts to generate the datasets used to train the machine learning model to classify channels into ditches and streams, and calculate the hydrological indices. The code to train the model is also included, along with the models obtained. 

For the ground truth data, the channels were mapped differently based on their type: ditches were manually digitized based on the visual analysis of some topographic indices and orthophotos obtained from the DEM. Streams were mapped by initially detecting all natural channel heads, then tracing the downstream channels, and finally manually editing them based on orthophotos. 

We recommend using Docker to set the environment.</abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="sv" contentType="abstract">Den här datamängden innehåller digitala höjdmodeller i 0,5 meters upplösningoch polyline-shapefiler med placeringen av kanaler från de 12 studieområdena som används i denna studie. 

Den innehåller också koden för att generera datamängderna som används för att träna maskinlärningsmodellerna som används för att klassificera diken och vattendrag, och beräkna hydrologiska index. Koden för att träna modellen ingår också, tillsammans med de erhållna modellerna. 

För markdata kartlades kanalerna på olika sätt baserat på deras typ: diken digitaliserades manuellt baserat på visuell analys av vissa topografiska index och ortofoton som erhållits från DEM. 
Vattendrag kartlades genom att initialt detektera alla naturliga kanalhuvuden, sedan spåra de nedströms kanalerna och slutligen manuellt redigera dem baserat på ortofoton. 

Vi rekommenderar att man använder Docker för att ställa in miljön.</abstract>
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        <dataKind xml:lang="en">Software</dataKind>
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    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Professionals from the Swedish Forest Agency manually digitized the ditches within the 12 study areas spread across Sweden based on the hillshade and high-pass median filter obtained from the DEM. Historical photos and current ortophotos (resolution ranging from 0.17-0.5 m), the ditches were manually digitized.
Streams were mapped by initially detecting all natural channel heads, then tracing the downstream channels, and finally manually editing them based on ortophotos.<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=en-5.0.0">Professionals from the Swedish Forest Agency manually digitized the ditches within the 12 study areas spread across Sweden based on the hillshade and high-pass median filter obtained from the DEM. Historical photos and current ortophotos (resolution ranging from 0.17-0.5 m), the ditches were manually digitized.
Streams were mapped by initially detecting all natural channel heads, then tracing the downstream channels, and finally manually editing them based on ortophotos.</concept></collMode>
        <collMode xml:lang="sv">Experter från Skogsstyrelsen digitaliserade manuellt dikena inom de 12 studieområdena spridda över Sverige baserat på hillshade- och högpassmedianfiltret som erhållits från DEM. Dikena digitaliserades manuellt med historiska foton och aktuella ortofoton (upplösning från 0,17–0,5 m).
Vattendragen kartlades genom att initialt detektera alla naturliga kanaler, sedan spåra de nedströms kanalerna och slutligen manuellt redigera dem baserat på ortofoton.<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=sv-5.0.0">Experter från Skogsstyrelsen digitaliserade manuellt dikena inom de 12 studieområdena spridda över Sverige baserat på hillshade- och högpassmedianfiltret som erhållits från DEM. Dikena digitaliserades manuellt med historiska foton och aktuella ortofoton (upplösning från 0,17–0,5 m).
Vattendragen kartlades genom att initialt detektera alla naturliga kanaler, sedan spåra de nedströms kanalerna och slutligen manuellt redigera dem baserat på ortofoton.</concept></collMode>
        <collMode xml:lang="en">Computer-based observation<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=en-5.0.0">Computer-based observation</concept></collMode>
        <collMode xml:lang="sv">Datorbaserad observation<concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/v2/vocabularies/ModeOfCollection/5.0.0?languageVersion=sv-5.0.0">Datorbaserad observation</concept></collMode>
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    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn xml:lang="en">Access to data through SND. Data are freely accessible.</restrctn>
        <restrctn xml:lang="sv">Åtkomst till data via SND. Data är fritt tillgängliga.</restrctn>
        <conditions elementVersion="info:eu-repo-Access-Terms vocabulary">openAccess</conditions>
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        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl xml:lang="sv">Dos Santos Toledo Busarello, M. (2025). Mapping small water channels using machine learning. In Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.54612/a.1vuvm11qn6</titl>
            <parTitl xml:lang="en">Dos Santos Toledo Busarello, M. (2025). Mapping small water channels using machine learning. In Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.54612/a.1vuvm11qn6</parTitl>
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      <relPubl>
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl xml:lang="sv">Busarello, M. D. S. T., Ågren, A., Westphal, F., &amp; Lidberg, W. (2025). Automatic detection of ditches and natural streams from digital elevation models using deep learning. In Computers &amp; Geosciences (No. 105875; Vol. 196). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2025.105875</titl>
            <parTitl xml:lang="en">Busarello, M. D. S. T., Ågren, A., Westphal, F., &amp; Lidberg, W. (2025). Automatic detection of ditches and natural streams from digital elevation models using deep learning. In Computers &amp; Geosciences (No. 105875; Vol. 196). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2025.105875</parTitl>
            <IDNo agency="DOI">10.1016/j.cageo.2025.105875</IDNo>
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