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        <r:String xml:lang="sv">Utvärdering av effekten av menstruation och kostvanor på järnbrist hos tonåringar: en tvärsnittsstudie</r:String>
        <r:String xml:lang="en">Exploring the effect of menstrual loss and dietary habits on iron deficiency in teenagers: a cross-sectional study</r:String>
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          <r:String xml:lang="sv">Region Skåne</r:String>
          <r:String xml:lang="en">Region Skåne</r:String>
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        <r:PublisherName>
          <r:String xml:lang="sv">Region Skåne</r:String>
          <r:String xml:lang="en">Region Skåne</r:String>
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      <r:PublicationDate>
        <r:SimpleDate>2026-01-07</r:SimpleDate>
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      <r:Content xml:lang="sv">Denna tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes vid två svenska gymnasieskolor under 2023. Postmenarkala kvinnliga studenter, 15 år och äldre, inkluderades (n = 394). Data samlades in på plats genom en patientrapporterad enkät, som inkluderade SAMANTA-formuläret för riklig menstruationsblödning, samt genom blodprovstagning. En köttbegränsad kost analyserades i relation till järnstatus. Deskriptiv analys och regressionsanalys användes för att undersöka förekomsten av riklig menstruationsblödning och dess samband med kostvanor och järnbrist, definierad som ferritin &lt;15 µg/L.

Förekomsten av riklig menstruationsblödning och järnbrist i kohorten var 53 % (208/394) respektive 40 % (157/394). I univariat analys var både riklig menstruationsblödning (OR 3,0, 95 % KI [2,0–4,6]) och köttbegränsad kost (OR 3,5, 95 % KI [2,2–5,6]) förknippade med en ökad sannolikhet för järnbrist. Vid bedömning av den kombinerade effekten av riklig menstruationsblödning och köttbegränsad kost var oddsen för järnbrist 13,5 gånger högre jämfört med allätande individer med normal menstruation (OR 13,5, 95 % KI [6,4–28,7]).

Sammanfattningsvis var förekomsten av järnbrist mycket hög i denna population av tonårsflickor. Riklig menstruationsblödning och köttbegränsad kost var båda oberoende associerade med ökad sannolikhet för järnbrist. Oddsen för järnbrist var dock avsevärt högre när dessa två faktorer kombinerades, vilket understryker vikten av att bedöma och åtgärda både överdriven förlust och låg tillförsel av järn.</r:Content>
      <r:Content xml:lang="en">This cross-sectional study was conducted in two Swedish high schools in 2023. Post-menarchal female students, aged 15 and older, were included (n=394). Data were collected on-site through a patient-reported survey, including the SAMANTA questionnaire for heavy menstrual bleeding, and by blood sampling. Meat-restricted diet was analyzed in relation to iron status. Descriptive analysis and regression analysis were used to assess the prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding and its relationship with dietary habits and iron deficiency, defined as ferritin &lt;15 µg/L. 

The prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding and iron deficiency in the cohort was 53% (208/394) and 40% (157/394), respectively. In univariate analysis, heavy menstrual bleeding (OR 3.0, 95% CI [2.0, 4.6]) and a meat-restricted diet (OR 3.5, 95% CI [2.2, 5.6]) were both associated with increased odds of iron deficiency. When assessing the joint effect of having heavy menstrual bleeding and a meat-restricted diet, the odds of iron deficiency were 13.5 times higher compared to omnivore individuals with normal menstruation (OR 13.5, 95% CI [6.4, 28.7]).

Overall, the prevalence of iron deficiency in this population of adolescent girls was very high. Heavy menstrual bleeding and a meat-restricted diet were both independently associated with increased odds of iron deficiency. However, odds for iron deficiency were monumentally higher when combining these two variables, thus highlighting the importance of assessing and addressing both excessive output and low intake of iron.</r:Content>
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        <r:Keyword xml:lang="sv" controlledVocabularyID="E611" controlledVocabularyName="ICD-10">Järnbrist</r:Keyword>
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