This dataset contains an R package (R Core Team 2025) with the methods employed to digitise the historical range maps in the ‘Atlas of the distribution of vascular plants in northwestern Europe’ (Hultén 1971). Methods include georeferencing the scanned maps, extract range data, clean data and convert data from raster to spatial polygon data. A detailed description of how the original atlas was compiled as well as the method used to georeference and digitize the distribution maps can be found in Arnell et al. (2026a). The resulting dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.58141/y1x5-cx68 (Arnell et al. 2026b). A package tutorial with examples can be found at GitHub https://github.com/ArnellM/HultenRangeMaps/. The package contains two functions to extract and clean distribution data from the scanned maps, one function to modify file names and one function to match the distribution data to polygon grids commonly used when analysing historical atlas data. Installation This package can be installed using devtools (Wickham et al. 2025). To insure reproducibility, we have created a ‘mini’ repository with all the packages that the functions in HultenRangeMaps require. The repository is included in the documentation files (HultenRangeMaps_miniCRAN_June2025.zip) and at GitHub https://github.com/ArnellM/HultenRangeMaps_miniCRAN_June2025. First, download the repository to your computer. Then, decompress the folder and install the packages from your local repository using the code below. # list of packages that the functions in HultenRangeMaps require pkgs <- c("dplyr", "gtools", "raster", "sf", "terra", "tidyr") # path to where you have downloaded the local miniCran repository pth <- "/HultenRangeMaps_miniCRAN_June2025" # install packages from your local miniCRAN repository install.packages(pkgs, repos = paste0("file:///", pth), type = "source") # install HultenRange maps install.packages(c("devtools", "rtools")) library(devtools) install_github("ArnellM/HultenRangeMaps") library(HultenRangeMaps) References Arnell, M., Auffret, A. G., & Hylander, K. (2026a). Historical distribution maps of vascular plants in Northern Europe. (Accepted for publication in Ecology). Arnell, M., Auffret, A. G., & Hylander, K. (2026b). Historical distribution maps of vascular plants in Northern Europe (Version 1) [Data set]. Stockholm University. https://doi.org/10.58141/y1x5-cx68 Hultén E. (1971). Atlas of the distribution of vascular plants in northwestern Europe (2nd ed.). Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalts Förlag. R Core Team. (2025). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/ Wickham H., Hester J., Chang W., Bryan J. (2025). devtools: Tools to Make Developing R Packages Easier. R package version 2.4.6, https://devtools.r-lib.org/.
Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences
The process of converting data to a form used in computers, transmitted or stored with digital technology and expressed as a string of 0's and 1's.
1) The locality in which a plant or animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which a specimen is found.\n2) A physical portion of the environment that is inhabited by an organism or population of organisms. A habitat is characterized by a relative uniformity of the physical environment and fairly close interaction of all the biological species involved. In terms of region, a habitat may comprise a desert, a tropical forest, a prairie field, the Arctic Tundra or the Arctic Ocean.
[Henderson's] the number and abund­ance of different species within a given area, which is one measure of biological diversity