Deposition scenarios from Baltic Sea ship traffic with scrubbers
A change in regulation for maximum sulfur content in maritime fuel, in 2015 from 1 to 0.1 %, decreases the atmospheric sulfur concentration and deposition significantly. However, due to costs related to refining, the cleaning of exhausts through scrubbers has become a possible economic solution. Open-loop scrubbers meet the air quality criteria but their consequences for the marine environment are largely unknown. The resulting potential of future acidification in the Baltic Sea, both from atmospheric deposition and from scrubber water along the shipping lanes, based on different assumptions about sulfur content in fuel, scrubber usage, and increased shipping density has been assessed. This database contains shipping and scrubber scenarios for atmospheric deposition and scrubber exhaust from the period 2011 to 2050. When using this dataset, please also cite: Claremar B., K. Haglund, A. Rutgersson. Ship Emissions and the use of current air cleaning technology: Contributions to air pollution and acidification in the Baltic Sea. Accepted for publication in Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 1–19, 2017.
Claremar B., K. Haglund, A. Rutgersson. Ship Emissions and the use of current air cleaning technology: Contributions to air pollution and acidification in the Baltic Sea. Accepted for publication in Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 1–19, 2017.
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Processes and phenomena of the atmosphere.
The sulfate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO42− and a molecular mass of 96.06 daltons; it consists of a central sulfur atom surrounded by four equivalent oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. The sulfate ion carries a negative two charge and is the conjugate base of the bisulfate (or hydrogen sulfate) ion, HSO4−, which is the conjugate base of H2SO4, sulfuric acid. Organic sulfates, such as dimethyl sulfate, are covalent compounds and esters of sulfuric acid.Sulfates occur as microscopic particles (aerosols) resulting from fossil fuel and biomass combustion. They increase the acidity of the atmosphere and form acid rain.
The roads and equipment necessary for the movement of goods or passengers.