Swedish level of living survey (LNU) 2000
type: Dataset
description: The first level of living survey started within the framework of a governmental commission set up to study the prevalence and problems of low incomes. Their task was broadly defined, so beside a range of studies on income and income distributions they also commissioned a group of sociologists, headed by Sten Johansson, to study the distribution of welfare in Sweden more generally. The study by Johansson and his colleagues, undertaken in 1968, came to be known as the Level of Living Survey. From the beginning it was not the longitudinal aspect that was the novelty, but rather the fact that a wide spectrum of living conditions was studied with the survey method as such. The division of level of living into different components, inspired by the work within the UN, resulted in the following list of components included in the Swedish Level of Living Surveys: Health and access to care; Employment and working conditions; Economic resources; Educational resources; Family and social integration; Housing and neighbourhood facilities; Security of life and property; Recreation and culture; Political resources. The first survey was based on a 0.0001 random sample of the Swedish population aged 15 to 75 years of age. The interviews were made face-to-face according to a structured questionnaire covering all areas listed above. A large number of questions were asked dealing with a variety of aspects within each area. The 1968 survey was to be repeated in 1974, and the decision was made to stick to the original sample but also include new cohorts of young people and immigrants arriving to Sweden in between the survey periods. Dropped from the sample was those above 75 years of age and those who had either emigrated or died. In 1981 the third Level of Living Survey was conducted with the same sample design and by and large with the same questionnaire. When Johansson left the project in 1982 Robert Erikson became the project leader. Erikson was project leader for the fourth level of l…
alternate name: LNU00
citation: Institutet för social forskning (1998) Kodbok för levnadsnivåundersökningen 1991. Stockholm : Swedish institute for social research.
citation: Institutet för social forskning (1992) Instruktions- och övningsformulär. Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Social Research. ISBN: 91-7604-048-8.
citation: Institutet för social forskning (1981) Instruktions- och övningsformulär. Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Social Research.
citation: CreativeWork
citation: Vuksanovic, M. (1979) Kodbok för 1974 års levnadsnivåundersökning : dokumentation av ett dataregister för välfärdsforskning. Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Social Research. ISBN: 91-7604-005-4.
citation: Institutet för social forskning (1987) Bilder av välfärden : levnadsförhållanden i Sverige 1968-1981. Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Social Research. ISBN: 91-7540-047-2.
citation: Institutet för social forskning (1984) Variabler och koder för LNU 81. Stockholm : Swedish institute for social research. ISBN: 91-7604-007-0.
citation: Johansson, S. (1973) The level of living survey: A presentation. Acta Sociologica 16:211-219.
citation: Duncan, Greg J., Joshi, Heather & Mayer, Karl Ulrich (2005) An evaluation of the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU): a report. Stockholm: Vetenskapsrådet
citation: Eriksson, R., Fritzell, J., & Jonsson, J. O. (1992) Questionnaire. Stockholm : Swedish institute for social research. ISBN: 91-7604-049-6.
citation: Erikson, R., & Åberg, R. (red.) (1984) Välfärd i förändring. Levnadsvillkor i Sverige 1968-1981. Stockholm: Prisma. ISBN: 91-518-1657-1.
citation: Erikson, R., & Åberg, R. (eds.) (1987) Welfare in Transition. A Survey on Living Conditions in Sweden 1968-1981. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
citation: Fritzell, J., & Lundberg, O. (1993) Ett förlorat eller förlovat årtionde? : välfärdsutvecklingen mellan 1981 och 1991. Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Social Research. ISBN: 91-7604-052-6.
citation: Fritzell, J., & Lundberg, O. (eds.) (1994) Vardagens villkor. Levnadsförhållanden i Sverige under tre decennier. Stockholm: Brombergs förlag. ISBN: 9176086364.
citation: Erikson, R. (1993) Descriptions of inequality: The Swedish apporach to welfare research. In M.C. Nussbaum, & A. Sen, (eds.). The quality of life. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
citation: Johansson, S. (1970) Om levnadsnivåundersökningen. Stockholm: Allmänna förlaget.
citation: Johansson, S. (1979) Mot en teori för social rapportering. Stockholm: Swedish Institute for Social Research. ISBN: 99-0169631-3.
citation: CreativeWork
  name: Erikson, R., & Uusitalo, H. (1987) The Scandinavian approach to welfare research. In R. Erikson, E.J. Hansen, S. Ringen, & H. Uusitalo, (eds.). The Scandinavian model: Welfare states and welfare research. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe.
citation: Tåhlin, M. (1990) Politics, dynamics and individualism: The Swedish approach to level of living research. Social Indicators Research, 22.
citation: Bygren, M. (1995) Reliabiliteten i levnadsnivåundersökningen 1991. Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Social Research. ISBN: 91-7604-058-5.
conditions of access: https://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/NON_PUBLIC
conditions of access: info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
creative work status: completed
  type: DefinedTerm
  in defined term set: http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/dataset-status
  term code: COMPLETED
creator: Sten Johansson
  type: Person
  affiliation: Stockholm University
  family name: Johansson
  given name: Sten
creator: Robert Erikson
  type: Person
  affiliation: Stockholm University
  family name: Erikson
  given name: Robert
creator: Jan O. Jonsson
  type: Person
  affiliation: Stockholm University
  family name: Jonsson
  given name: Jan O.
creator: Michael Tåhlin
  type: Person
  affiliation: Stockholm University
  family name: Tåhlin
  given name: Michael
date modified: 2025-01-13
date published: 1999-01-01
language: German
language: English
language: Spanish
language: Finnish
language: Polish
language: Serbo-Croatian
language: Swedish
keywords: Economic conditions and indicators
keywords: Medication and treatment
keywords: Specific diseases, disorders and medical conditions
keywords: General health and well-being
keywords: Housing
keywords: Employment
keywords: Working conditions
keywords: Social welfare systems/structures
keywords: Social conditions and indicators
keywords: Leisure, tourism and sport
keywords: Social Sciences
  type: DefinedTerm
  term code: 5
keywords: Sociology
  type: DefinedTerm
  term code: 504
keywords: Diet and nutrition
keywords: CORS
keywords: nutrition
keywords: REWHARD
publisher: Stockholm University
size: QuantitativeValue
  unit text: cases
  value: 5142
size: QuantitativeValue
  unit text: variables
  value: 834
spatial coverage: Sweden
temporal coverage: 2000/2000
version: 1

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-7604-048-8

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-7604-005-4

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-7540-047-2

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-7604-007-0

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-7307-063-7

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-7604-049-6

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-518-1657-1

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-7604-052-6

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 9176086364

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-38-01416-5

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-7604-001-1

PropertyValue
property ID: ISBN
value: 91-7604-058-5

Stockholm University
type: Organization
department: Swedish Institute for Social Research

German
type: Language
alternate name: deu

English
type: Language
alternate name: eng

Spanish
type: Language
alternate name: spa

Finnish
type: Language
alternate name: fin

Polish
type: Language
alternate name: pol

Serbo-Croatian
type: Language
alternate name: hbs

Swedish
type: Language
alternate name: swe

Economic conditions and indicators
type: DefinedTerm
description: Economic indicators indicate in which direction an economy is headed and include, for example, GDP growth rate, employment, inflation and interest rate, consumer and investor activity, household debt. Use note: This topic is also used for economic conditions of individuals and households which are surveyed or registered.
term code: Economics.EconomicConditionsAndIndicators

Medication and treatment
type: DefinedTerm
description: Treatment of disease, or procedure/s of preventing it. Patient care at individual level. Research on medication and treatment of a disease. Data on, for instance, surgical procedures, rehabilitation, doctor consultation, physical therapy, musculoskeletal manipulations, care in hospital or home, psychotherapy, investigative techniques, medication.
term code: Health.MedicationAndTreatment

Specific diseases, disorders and medical conditions
type: DefinedTerm
description: Data on specific, diagnosed diseases, disorders or syndromes (often classified in ICD-10 or its earlier versions). For example, medical research on infectious diseases or the causes of diabetes, or data on the physical and mental recovery of people who have had heart surgery.
term code: Health.SpecificDiseasesDisordersAndMedicalConditions

General health and well-being
type: DefinedTerm
description: Data on the general well-being or health status of an individual, group or population. May be objectively measured/observed or self-perceived. Well-being includes, for instance, physical and mental capacity or state, as well as social state.
term code: Health.GeneralHealthAndWellbeing

Housing
type: DefinedTerm
description: Includes data measuring the standard of housing in a community, including social housing, as well as the availability and pricing of housing. Housing includes homes, second homes and holiday homes.
term code: HousingAndLandUse.Housing

Employment
type: DefinedTerm
description: Data on employment rate and statistics, labour market, job vacancies, job-seeking, job characteristics, employment of certain groups (e.g. youth or minority employment), employment services, career. Use note: For pay and remuneration use 'Working conditions'.
term code: LabourAndEmployment.Employment

Working conditions
type: DefinedTerm
description: The conditions under which employees work. For example, types of contract, working time (hours of work, rest periods, work schedules, overtime), pay and remuneration, physical aspects and mental demands of work, employee rights and responsibilities, workload, employee involvement in decision-making, leave entitlements, physical environment. Use note: For workplace safety issues, use also 'Occupational health'.
term code: LabourAndEmployment.WorkingConditions

Social welfare systems/structures
type: DefinedTerm
description: Issues related to the actual provision of social welfare, who provides social welfare services in practice and to what extent, how the actual services are structured. For example, questions on how a local government has organised services for the elderly.
term code: SocialWelfarePolicyAndSystems.SocialWelfareSystemsStructures

Social conditions and indicators
type: DefinedTerm
description: Covers all aspects of the quality of life and well-being of individuals and societies, as well as people's perceptions thereof. Use note: Depending on the aspect studied, 'General health and well-being', 'Equality, inequality and social exclusion' and 'Economic conditions and indicators', etc. may be relevant as well.
term code: SocietyAndCulture.SocialConditionsAndIndicators

Leisure, tourism and sport
type: DefinedTerm
description: Recreation patterns, leisure time activities and hobbies. Includes sports spectatorship, competition sports, and travel for leisure. Use note: For data on exercise for keeping fit, use 'Physical fitness and exercise'.
term code: SocietyAndCulture.LeisureTourismAndSport

Diet and nutrition
type: DefinedTerm
description: Nutritional processes, eating patterns and practices, and measurable nutritional parameters such as body mass index (BMI), weight, vitamin levels.
term code: Health.DietAndNutrition

HOUSING
type: DefinedTerm

EMPLOYMENT
type: DefinedTerm

HEALTH
type: DefinedTerm

SOCIAL WELFARE
type: DefinedTerm

RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY
type: DefinedTerm
description: MOVING FROM ONE RESIDENCE TO ANOTHER

FAMILY ENVIRONMENT
type: DefinedTerm

WAGES
type: DefinedTerm

HOUSEWORK
type: DefinedTerm

POLITICAL ACTION
type: DefinedTerm

UNEMPLOYMENT
type: DefinedTerm

LIVING CONDITIONS
type: DefinedTerm

MEMBERSHIP
type: DefinedTerm

DRINKING BEHAVIOUR
type: DefinedTerm
description: DRINKING HABITS, PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND BEHAVIOUR ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOHOL INTAKE

TRAVEL
type: DefinedTerm

TRADE UNION MEMBERSHIP
type: DefinedTerm

MEDICAL CARE
type: DefinedTerm
description: COVERS ALL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL CARE GIVEN TO OR RECEIVED BY A PATIENT, INCLUDING EXAMINATIONS, DIAGNOSIS, MONITORING AND TREATMENT.

POLITICAL INFLUENCE
type: DefinedTerm
description: THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE PUBLIC CAN AFFECT POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
type: DefinedTerm

INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL
type: DefinedTerm
description: COVERS ANY TYPE OF INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL

INCOME
type: DefinedTerm

SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS
type: DefinedTerm

SELF-EMPLOYED
type: DefinedTerm

SUPERVISORY STATUS
type: DefinedTerm

HOUSING FACILITIES
type: DefinedTerm
description: THOSE SERVICES OR AMENITIES AVAILABLE TO THE DOMESTIC HOUSEHOLDER IN THEIR HOME, E.G. WATER, ELECTRICITY, GARDEN

HOUSING ECONOMICS
type: DefinedTerm

MEDICINAL DRUGS
type: DefinedTerm
description: DRUGS INTENDED FOR HUMAN OR VETERINARY USE, PRESENTED IN THEIR FINISHED DOSAGE FORM

DISEASES
type: DefinedTerm

DENTAL HEALTH
type: DefinedTerm

HOSPITALIZATION
type: DefinedTerm
description: THE CONFINEMENT OF A PATIENT IN A HOSPITAL

SMOKING
type: DefinedTerm
description: INHALING AND EXHALING THE SMOKE OF BURNING TOBACCO

LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
type: DefinedTerm

FRINGE BENEFITS
type: DefinedTerm
description: REMUNERATION IN CASH, KIND, OR SERVICES IN ADDITION TO PAYMENT FOR WORK DONE, E.G. ALLOWANCES FOR HOUSING, MEALS, EDUCATION, TRAVEL AND RELOCATION, AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES PROVIDED BY EMPLOYER

FARMERS
type: DefinedTerm

CARE OF DEPENDANTS
type: DefinedTerm

HOLIDAY LEAVE
type: DefinedTerm
description: PAID OR UNPAID HOLIDAY ENTITLEMENT, USUALLY COVERED BY AN EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT

ASSETS
type: DefinedTerm

HOLIDAYS
type: DefinedTerm
description: TRIPS AWAY FROM HOME; PERIODS OF TIME DEVOTED TO REST AND RELAXATION

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
type: DefinedTerm

INHERITANCE
type: DefinedTerm

THEFT
type: DefinedTerm
description: STEALING, INCLUDING OF OR FROM CARS, WITHOUT TRESPASS

CRIMINAL DAMAGE
type: DefinedTerm
description: THE OFFENCE OF INTENTIONALLY OR RECKLESSLY DESTROYING OR DAMAGING ANY PROPERTY BELONGING TO ANOTHER WITHOUT A LAWFUL EXCUSE

CRIME VICTIMS
type: DefinedTerm

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
type: DefinedTerm
description: INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES, EITHER INDEPENDENTLY OR FROM WITHIN A POLITICAL PARTY/ORGANIZATION

STANDARD OF LIVING
type: DefinedTerm

AUTONOMY AT WORK
type: DefinedTerm

NATIONALITY
type: DefinedTerm
description: NATIONAL ORIGIN; THE FACT OF BELONGING TO A PARTICULAR NATION; THE LEGAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUBJECT AND THE STATE

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
type: DefinedTerm

SOCIAL LIFE
type: DefinedTerm

INDUSTRIAL INJURIES
type: DefinedTerm

FAMILY MEMBERS
type: DefinedTerm

WORKING CONDITIONS
type: DefinedTerm
description: THE PHYSICAL, SOCIAL AND MANAGERIAL FACTORS AFFECTING A WORKER'S JOB ENVIRONMENT

HOUSEHOLDS
type: DefinedTerm
description: A HOUSEHOLD INCLUDES EITHER ONE PERSON LIVING ALONE OR A GROUP OF PEOPLE, NOT NECESSARILY RELATED, LIVING AT THE SAME ADDRESS WITH COMMON HOUSEKEEPING, I.E. SHARING AT LEAST ONE MEAL PER DAY OR SHARING A LIVING OR SITTING ROOM.

LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES
type: DefinedTerm
description: ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING A PERSON'S TIME AWAY FROM THEIR USUAL OCCUPATION

ORGANIZATIONS
type: DefinedTerm
description: A GENERAL TERM TO COVER ALL TYPES OF NON-COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION AND/OR THOSE SERVING THE NEEDS OF THEIR MEMBERSHIP

HOURS OF WORK
type: DefinedTerm
description: THE NUMBER OF HOURS EMPLOYEES ARE CONTRACTED TO WORK EACH WEEK FOR THEIR EMPLOYER

SOCIAL PROTEST
type: DefinedTerm

DIET AND EXERCISE
type: DefinedTerm

ASSAULT
type: DefinedTerm

EXERCISE (PHYSICAL ACTIVITY)
type: DefinedTerm

Sweden
type: Place