The Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Skåne (SNAC-S) - GÅS
The national study SNAC - The Swedish National Study on Aging and Care, includes four participating areas: SNAC-Blekinge, SNAC Kungsholmen, SNAC Nordanstig and SNAC Skåne Gott Åldrande i Skåne (GÅS). In all four areas, a independently research centre conducts a population study and a health care system study. (Metadata related to the main study SNAC and the other participating areas can be found under the Related studies tab). SNAC-GÅS Gott Åldrande i Skåne is intended for a random selection of people, 60 years and older, who live in the municipalities of Malmö, Eslöv, Hässleholm, Osby and Ystad. The study consists of two parts – the population study and the care system study. The population study: The baseline examination was conducted between 2001-2004, with a total of 2,931 individuals aged 60-93 years. The baseline examination included clinical examinations by a physician, a psychologist and a nurse as well as a questionnaire. The first re-examination of participants aged >78 years was performed during 2005-2007. The second re-examination of each participant in the baseline examination was performed during 2008-2010, when also 1,523 new participants were invited. The third and fourth re-examination was carried out during 2010-2012 and 2013-2015 when additional 1,350 participants were included. A fifth and sixth re-examination takes place during 2016-2018 and 2019/2021. The care system study: Data collection take place in two steps: In the first step, information on all elderly people who currently receive health care from the municipalities and/or Region Skåne are collected. Next, information on all new patients and information about the progress of those who already have interventions (continuous collecting) are gathered. Purpose: To study normal aging, functional ability, diseases an associated risk factors, health and life situation and the need of care and service in a normal elderly population.
Stenhagen M, Ekström H, Nordell E, Elmståhl S. Both deterioration and improvement in activities of daily living are related to falls: A 6-year follow-up of the general elderly population study 'Good Aging in Skane' (GAS-SNAC). Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Oct 28;9:1839-46.
Elmståhl S, Widerström E. Orthostatic intolerance predicts mild cognitive impairment: incidence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia from the Swedish general population cohort Good Aging in Skåne. Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Nov 20;9:1993-2002.
Gavrilidou NN, Pihlsgård M, Elmståhl S.High degree of BMI misclassification of malnutrition among Swedish elderly population: Age-adjusted height estimation using knee height and demispan. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;69(5):565-71. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.183. Epub 2014 Sep 10.
Douhan J, Elmståhl S. Fysisk aktivitet & bra matvanor för det goda åldrandet. - Resultat från forskningsprojektet Gott Åldrande i Skåne (GÅS). Geriatriskt utvecklingscentrum, Skånes universitetssjukhus, Malmö, 2013; 1-34. ISBN-nummer 978-91-975977-2-2.
Manskow US, Sigurdardottir S, Røe C, Andelic N, Skandsen T, Damsgård Elmståhl S, Anke A. Factors affecting caregiver burden one year after severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective nationwide multicenter study. J Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 2014 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Berner J, Rennemark M, Jogréus C, Anderberg, P, Sköldunger A, Wahlberg M, Elmståhl S, Berglund J. Internet use by older-adults in rural and urban settings in Sweden - results from the SNAC study. Health Informatics J. 2014 Feb 24. [Epub ahead of print]
Kylén M, Ekström H, Haak M, Elmståhl S, Iwarsson S. Home and health in the third age - Methodological background and descriptive findings. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Jul 11;11(7):7060-80.
Wranker L.S., Rennemark M., Berglund J., Elmståhl S. Relationship between pain and Quality of Life-Findings from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Blekinge study. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 2014;5:270-275.
Legrand H, Nordell E, Pihlsgård M, Elmståhl S. A long-recommended but seldom-used method of analysis for fall injuries found a unique pattern of risk factors in the youngest-old. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015 Aug;27(4):439-45. doi: 10.1007/s40520-014-0308-x. Epub 2015 Jan 14.
Gavrilidou NN, Pihlsgård M, Elmståhl S. Anthropometric reference data for elderly Swedes and its disease-related pattern. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015 Sep;69(9):1066-75. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.73. Epub 2015 May 20.
Lagergren M, Fagerström C, Sjölund B-M, Berglund J, Fratiglioni L, Nordell E, von Strauss E, Wimo A, Elmståhl S. Horizontal and vertical targeting - a population-based comparison of public eldercare services in urban and rural areas of Sweden. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2016 Feb;28(1):147-58. doi: 10.1007/s40520-015-0369-5. Epub 2015 May 20.
Dahlrup B, Ekström H, Nordell E, Elmståhl S. Coping as a caregiver: A question of strain and its consequences on life satisfaction and health-related quality of life. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Sep-Oct;61(2):261-70. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.007. Epub 2015 Jun 25
Haak M, Kylén M, Ekström H, Schmidt SM, Horstmann V, Elmståhl S, Iwarsson S. Relationships between perceived aspects of home and symptoms in a cohort aged 67-70. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Nov-Dec;61(3):529-34. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.013. Epub 2015 Jun 25.
Luoto J Elmståhl S, Wollmer P, Pihlsgård M. Incidence of airflow limitation in subjects 65-100 years of age. Eur Respir J. 2016 Feb;47(2):461-72. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00635-2015. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
Sandin-Wranker L, Rennemark M, Elmståhl S, Berglund J. The influence of personality traits on perception of pain in older adults - Findings from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care - Blekinge study. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 2015;7:3-8
Lindberg T, Bohman D, Elmståhl S, Jogréus C, Sanmartin Berglund J. Prevalence of unknown and untreated arrhythmias in an older outpatient population screened by wireless long-term recording ECG. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2016: 10; 11: 1083-90
Wranker L.S., Rennemark M., Berglund J., Elmståhl S. A 9-year follow-up of women and men reporting pain: Results from the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care - Blekinge (accepted), 2016
Roos V, Elmståhl S, Ingelsson E, Sundström J, Ärnlöv J, Lind L. Metabolic syndrome development during ageing - with special reference to obesity without the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2016, Nov 1. doi: 10.1111/ane.12709. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 27804110
Delavaran H, Jönsson A-C, Lövkvist H, Iwarsson S, Elmståhl S, Norrving B, Lindgren A. Cognitive function in stroke survivors: A 10-year follow-up study. Acta Neurol Scand, 2016; Nov 1. doi: 10.1111/ane.12709. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 7804110
Wimo A, Elmståhl S, Fratiglioni L, Sjölund BM, Sköldunger A, Fagerström C, Berglund J, Lagergren M Formal and Informal Care of Community-Living Older People: A Population-Based Study from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(1):17-24. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0747-5.
Lindberg T, Berglund J, Elmståhl S, Bohman D. Older individuals need for knowledge and follow up about their chronic Atrial Fibrillation, lifelong medical treatment and medical controls. Scand J Caring Sciences. 2017 in press.
Elmståhl, S., Ellström, K., Siennicki-Lantz, A., & Abul-Kasim, K. (2019). Association between cerebral microbleeds and hypertension in the Swedish general population “Good Aging in Skåne” study. In Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Vol. 21, Issue 8, pp. 1099–1107). https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13606
Egervall, K., Rosso, A., & Elmståhl, S. (2021). Association between cardiovascular disease- and inflammation-related serum biomarkers and poor lung function in elderly. In Clinical Proteomics (No. 23; Vol. 18, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-021-09329-7
Månsson, T., Overton, M., Pihlsgård, M., & Elmståhl, S. (2019). Impaired kidney function is associated with lower cognitive function in the elder general population. Results from the Good Aging in Skåne (GÅS) cohort study. In BMC Geriatrics (No. 360; Vol. 19, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1381-y
Ekström, H., Elmståhl, S., Sandin Wranker, L., Ekström, H., & Elmståhl, S. (2021). Physical Performance in Older Cohorts: A Comparison of 81-Year-Old Swedish Men and Women Born Twelve Years Apart - Results from the Swedish Study “good Aging in Skåne.” In Journal of Aging Research (No. 8813992; Vol. 2021). https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8813992
Elmståhl, S., Lundholm-Auoja, N., Ekström, H., Sandin Wranker, L., Ekström, H., Elmståhl, S., & Lundholm-Auoja, N. (2020). Being an older family caregiver does not impact healthcare and mortality: Data from the study ‘Good Aging in Skåne.’ In Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494820960648
Elmståhl, S. I., Sanmartin Berglund, J., Fagerstrom, C., Ekström, H., Berglund, J. S., Fagerström, C., Elmståhl, S., & Elmståhl, S. (2020). The life satisfaction index-a (LSI-A) : Normative data for a general swedish population aged 60 to 93 years. In Clinical Interventions in Aging (Vol. 15, pp. 2031–2039). https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S275387
Elmståhl, S., Dahlrup, B., Ekström, H., & Nordell, E. (2018). The association between medical diagnosis and caregiver burden : a cross-sectional study of recipients of informal support and caregivers from the general population study ‘Good Aging in Skåne’, Sweden. In Aging clinical and experimental research (Vol. 30, Issue 9, pp. 1023–1032). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-017-0870-0
Wranker, L. S., Elmståhl, S., & Ekström, H. (2018). Pain and alcohol : A comparison of two cohorts of 60 year old women and men: Findings from the Good Aging in Skåne study. In Scandinavian Journal of Pain (Vol. 18, Issue 4, pp. 611–620). https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2018-0064
Ekstrom, H., Auoja, N. L., Elmstahl, S., Sandin Wranker, L., Ekström, H., Auoja, N. L., & Elmståhl, S. (2020). High Burden among Older Family Caregivers is Associated with High Prevalence of Symptoms: Data from the Swedish Study “Good Aging in Skane (GAS).” In Journal of Aging Research (No. 5272130; Vol. 2020). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5272130
Stenhagen M, Ekström H, Nordell E, Elmståhl S. Falls in the general elderly population: A 3- and 6-year follow-up of risk factors using data from the longitudinal population study ‘Good Aging in Skåne’" BMC Geriatr. 2013 Aug 7;13(1):81. [Epub ahead of print] MID: 23919320
Ekström H, Elmståhl S. Pain and fracture are independent factors related to lower walking speed and grip strength seven years after an osteoporotic fracture. Acta Orthopedica 2006, Dec;77(6):902-11.
Lagergren M, Fratiglioni L, Hallberg IR, Berglund J, Elmståhl S, Hagberg B, Holst G, Rennemark M, Sjölund BM, Thorslund M, Wiberg I, Winblad B, Wimo A. A longitudinal study integrating population, care and social services data. The Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC). Aging Clin Exp Res. 2004 Apr;16(2):158-68.
Werngren-Elgström M, Iwarsson S, Elmståhl S, Dehlin O. ADL dependence and perceived health among elderly deaf sign language users. A comparison with a matched group of elderly hearing people. Scand J Occup Ther. 2005 Jun;12(2):81-8.
Werntoft E, Rahm Hallberg I, Elmståhl S, Edberg A.-K. (2005) Older people's views of priorities in health care. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 2005; 17:402-411.
Werntoft E, Edberg A-K, Rooke L, Hermerén G, Elmståhl S, Hallberg IR. Older people's views of prioritization in health care. The applicability of an interview study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2005;14, Suppl 2, 64-74.
Werntoft E, Hallberg IR, Elmståhl S, Edberg A-K. Older people´s view of how to finance increasing health care costs. Ageing & Society, 2006; 26: 497-514.
Jakobsson U, Hallberg IR. Mortality among elderly receiving long-term care: a longitudinal cohort study. Aging Clinical & Experimental Research. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2006 Dec;18(6):503-11.
Werntoft E, Hallberg IR, Edberg A-K. Prioritization and resource allocation in health care: the views of older people receiving continuous public care and service. Health Expect 2007; 10(2): 117-128.
Ekström H, Elmståhl S. Restriction in social participation and lower life satisfaction among fractured in pain. Results from the population study "Good Aging in Skåne". Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2008 May-June; 46 (3):409-24.
Ekberg O, Elmståhl S, Björgell O, Hillarp B, Maly P, Redlund Johnell I, Rundgren Å. Geriatrisk radiologi, en viktig del av bild- och funktionsmedicin. Nordisk Geriatrik, 2008 (11) 5; 4-20.
Karlsson S, Edberg A-K, Westergren A, Hallberg IR. Functional ability and health complaints among older people with a combination of public and informal care vs. public care only. Scand J Caring Sci. 2008; 22(1):136-48.
Karlsson S, Edberg A-K, Westergren A, Hallberg IR. Older people receiving public long-term care in relation to consumption of medical health care and informal care. Open Geriatr Med J 2008; 1: 1-9.
Kristensson J, Hallberg IR, Lundborg P. Health care costs for people aged 65+ two years prior to them receiving long-term municipal care. Aging Clin Exp Research 2008 Dec;20(6):547-55.
Modig S, Kristensson J, Ekwall AK, Hallberg IR, Midlöv P. Frail elderly patients in primary care--their medication knowledge and beliefs about prescribed medicines. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;65(2):151-5.
Condelius A, Hallberg IR, Jacobsson U. Medical healthcare utilization as related to long-term care at home or in special accommodation. Archives Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2010; 51: 250-6.
Condelius A, Edberg A-K, Hallberg IR, Jakobsson U. Utilization of medical healthcare among people receiving long-term care at home or in special accommodation. Scand J Caring Sci. 2010;24:404-13.
Szanto O, Montnemery P, Elmståhl S. Prevalence of airway obstruction in the elderly: results from a cross-sectional spirometric study of nine age cohorts between the ages of 60 and 93 years. Prim Care Respir J. 2010 Sep;19(3):231-6. .
Bramell-Risberg E, Jarnlo G-B, Elmståhl S. Slowing of alternating forearm movements is associated with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older people. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010;29(5):457-66.
Karlsson S, Edberg A-K, Hallberg IR.Professional's and older person's assessments of functional ability, health complaints and received care and service. A descriptive study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2010 Oct;47(10):1217-27.
Christensson A, Elmståhl S. Estimation of the age-dependent decline of glomerular filtration rate from formulas based on creatinine and cystatin C in the general elderly population. Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;117(1):c40-50. Epub 2010.
Jönsson KM, Wieloch M, Sterner G, Nyman U, Elmståhl S, Engström G, Svensson PJ. Glomerular filtration rate in patients with atrial fibrillation on warfarin treatment: a subgroup analysis from the AURICULA registry in Sweden. Thromb Res. 2011 Oct;128(4):341-5.
Enkvist Å, Ekström H, Elmståhl S. What factors affect life satisfaction (LS) among the oldest-old? Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012 Jan-Feb;54(1):140-5.
Ekström H, Dahlin-Ivanoff S, Elmståhl S. Effects of walking speed and results of Timed Get-Up-and-Go tests on quality of life and social participation in elderly individuals with a history of osteoporosis-related fractures. Journal Aging Health, 2011; Aug 25 1-21.
Enkvist Å, Ekström H, Elmståhl S. Life satisfaction (LS) and symptoms among the oldest-old: Results from the longitudinal population study called Good Aging in Skåne (GÅS). Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012 Jan-Feb;54(1):146-50.
Montnemery P, Elmståhl S. Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with special reference to over- and underdiagnosis using spirometry. Book chapter, Primary Care, 2012, Primary Care at a Glance - Hot Topics and New Insights 2012 ISBN 979-953-307-556-2.
Elmståhl S, Ekström H. Prediktorer för livstillfredsställelse, funktionsförmåga och aktiviteter i det dagliga livet - Data från den longitudinella befolkningsstudien ”Gott Åldrande i Skåne” En sexårsuppföljning av 60 till 93 år gamla malmöbor. Geriatriskt utvecklingscentrum, Skånes universitetssjukhus, Malmö, 2012, 1-23. ISBN-nummer 978-91-975977-1-5.
Ekström H, Dahlin-Ivanoff S, Elmståhl S. Does informal support influence social participation of fractured elderly people? Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2013 May-Jun;56(3):457-65
Bramell-Risberg E, Jarnlo G-B, Elmståhl S. Separate physical tests of lower extremities and postural control are associated with cognitive impairment. Results from the general population study Good Aging in Skåne (GÅS-SNAC). Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:195-205.
Enkvist Å, Ekström H, Elmståhl S. Associations between functional ability and life satisfaction in the oldest old: results from the longitudinal population study Good Aging in Skåne. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2012:7 313-320.
Sterner G, Elmståhl S, Frid A. Metformin treatment, renal function and lactic acidosis. A population based study. British J Diabetes Vascular Disease, 2012;12:227-231.
Karlsson S, Edberg A-K, Jakobsson U, Hallberg IR. Care satisfaction among older people receiving public care and service at home or in special accommodation. J Clin Nurs. 2013 Feb;22(3-4):318-30.
Enkvist Å, Ekström H, Elmståhl S. Associations between cognitive abilities and life satisfaction in the oldest-old Results from the longitudinal population study Good Aging in Skåne. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2013, 8:845-853.
Lagergren M, Fagerström C, Nordell E, Berglund J, Fratiglioni L, Sjölund B-M, Wimo A, Elmståhl S. Horizontal and vertical targeting efficiency - a population-based comparison between users and non-users of public long-term care for older persons in Sweden. Ageing and Society, 2014;34:700-719. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X12001225 Published online: 20 December 2012.
Bramell-Risberg E, Jarnlo G-B, Elmståhl S. Older women with dementia can perform fast alternating forearm movements and performance is correlated with tests of lower extremity function. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2013:8 175-184.
Stenhagen M, Ekström H, Nordell E, Elmståhl S. Accidental falls, health-related quality of life and life satisfaction: A prospective study of the general elderly population. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2014 Jan-Feb;58(1):95-100. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2013.07.006. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
Stenhagen M, Nordell E, Elmståhl S. Falls in elderly people: a multifactorial analysis of risk markers using data from the Swedish general population study 'Good Ageing in Skåne'. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2013 Apr;25(1):59-67. doi: 10.1007/s40520-013-0015-z. Epub 2013 Feb 21.
Werner K, Elmståhl S, Christensson A, Pihlsgård M. Male sex and vascular risk factors affect cystatin-C derived renal function in older people without diabetes or overt vascular disease. Age and Ageing, 2014; 43 (3): 411-7.
Hägg M. Houston B. Ekström H. Elmståhl S. Wann Hansson C. Sleep quality, use of hypnotics and sleeping habits in different age groups among older people. Scand J Car Sci, 2014, Feb, DOI: 10.1111/scs.12119
Ekdahl J, Elmståhl S. Portion size among elder subjects in the general population. A methodological dietary study from Malmö, Sweden. J Aging: Research and Clinical Practice, J Aging Res Clin Practice 2013;2(2):158-167
Dahlrup B, Nordell E, Steen-Carlsson K, Elmståhl S. Health economic analysis on a psychosocial intervention for family caregivers of persons with dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2013 Oct 24;37(3-4):181-195.
institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper i Malmö
Department of Clinical Sciences Medicine in Malmö. Division of Geriatric Medicine
Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available.
A TIME OF TRANSITION FROM MID-LIFE TO LATER LIFE
Housing arrangements for the elderly or aged, intended to foster independent living. The housing may take the form of group homes or small apartments. It is available to the economically self-supporting but the concept includes housing for the elderly with some physical limitations. The concept should be differentiated from HOMES FOR THE AGED which is restricted to long-term geriatric facilities providing supervised medical and nursing services.
Persons classified by age from birth (INFANT, NEWBORN) to octogenarians and older (AGED, 80 AND OVER).
Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.
Procedures concerned with the remedial treatment or prevention of diseases.
The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating.
Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality.
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
The taking of a blood sample to determine its character as a whole, to identify levels of its component cells, chemicals, gases, or other constituents, to perform pathological examination, etc.
Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
The giving of attention to the special dental needs of the elderly for proper maintenance or treatment. The dental care may include the services provided by dental specialists.
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.
Qualities and characterization of various types of populations within a social or geographic group, with emphasis on demography, health status, and socioeconomic factors.
Older adults or aged individuals who are lacking in general strength and are unusually susceptible to disease or to other infirmity.
The ability or act of sensing and transducing ACOUSTIC STIMULATION to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It is also called audition.
A subspecialty of psychiatry concerned with the mental health of the aged.
Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)
Work consisting of a conversation with an individual regarding his or her background and other personal and professional details, opinions on specific subjects posed by the interviewer, etc.
The art and science of studying, performing research on, preventing, diagnosing, and treating disease, as well as the maintenance of health.
Examinations used to diagnose and treat heart conditions.
Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Care given to patients by nursing service personnel.
Nursing care of the aged patient given in the home, the hospital, or special institutions such as nursing homes, psychiatric institutions, etc.
Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.
Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
A series of tests used to assess various functions of the eyes.
Disciplines concerned with the interrelationships of individuals in a social environment including social organizations and institutions. Includes Sociology and Anthropology.
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
All deaths reported in a given population.
A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc.
Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.
Collections of data obtained from voluntary subjects. The information usually takes the form of answers to questions, or suggestions.
Field concerned with the determination of causes, incidence, and characteristic behavior of disease outbreaks affecting human populations. It includes the interrelationships of host, agent, and environment as related to the distribution and control of disease.
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
The state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.
The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Economic aspects of the field of medicine, the medical profession, and health care. It includes the economic and financial impact of disease in general on the patient, the physician, society, or government.
The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
A collective expression for all behavior patterns acquired and socially transmitted through symbols. Culture includes customs, traditions, and language.
The utilization of drugs as reported in individual hospital studies, FDA studies, marketing, or consumption, etc. This includes drug stockpiling, and patient drug profiles.
The persistence to perform a learned behavior (facts or experiences) after an interval has elapsed in which there has been no performance or practice of the behavior.
Introduction of changes which are new to the organization and are created by management.
The state of being retired from one's position or occupation.
The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons.
The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.
The confinement of a patient in a hospital.
The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population.
The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.
The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.
The state of society as it exists or in flux. While it usually refers to society as a whole in a specified geographical or political region, it is applicable also to restricted strata of a society.
Situations affecting a significant number of people, that are believed to be sources of difficulty or threaten the stability of the community, and that require programs of amelioration.
Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance such as COMMUNITY SUPPORT is provided by churches, groups, etc.
The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.
A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral, social environment as well as health and disease.
ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT DURING A PERSON'S TIME AWAY FROM THEIR USUAL OCCUPATION
NEAR- National E-infrastructure for Aging Research