Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigeneration Study (UBCoS) Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigeneration Study (UBCoS) ext0155-1-1 Swedish National Data Service Svensk nationell datatjänst Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigeneration Study (UBCoS) Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigeneration Study (UBCoS) ext0155-1-1 Koupil, Ilona Koupil, Ilona 2003-0101, 2004-1439, 2006-1276, 2007-1010 2003-0101, 2004-1439, 2006-1276, 2007-1010 2013-5104, 2013-2139, 2013-5474, 2006-7498, 345-2003-2440 2013-5104, 2013-2139, 2013-5474, 2006-7498, 345-2003-2440 2013-1084 2013-1084 Swedish National Data Service Svensk nationell datatjänst Swedish Cohort Consortium (Cohorts.se) The Swedish Cohort Consortium (Cohorts.se) is a project aimed at improving management and increasing the use of Swedish population-based cohorts (research databases with sensitive person data) for world-leading research. Coordination of all Swedish prospective population-based cohorts in a common infrastructure will enable more precise research findings and facilitate research on rare diseases and exposures, leading to better utilization of study participants’ data, better return of funders’ investments, and higher benefit to patients and populations. Cohorts.se will support some aspects of single cohort operations and all aspects of collaborations between cohorts. Important components of the infrastructure involve data curation and management, cataloguing of variables, presentation of and access to data, harmonization of variables for research projects, linkage of cohorts and official registries, and statistical analysis including a novel method for distributed data analysis eliminating the need to share data. The project aims to increase collaboration between Swedish universities and with international cohort consortia, and to be a node for researchers who want to collaborate, perhaps extra important for young researchers without a large contact network. SND collaborates with Cohorts.se. Partly through training of data managers and statisticians in the Maelstrom system (maelstrom-research.org), which is tailored for cohort collaboration and will be used in this infrastructure; partly through collaboration around logistics by forwarding researchers seeking access to person data from cohorts to Cohorts.se and the Maelstrom repository. Contact for Cohorts.se: Johan Sundström, Professor at UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research center johan.sundstrom@ucr.uu.se The Swedish Cohort Consortium (Cohorts.se) är ett projekt som syftar till att förbättra förvaltningen och öka utnyttjandet av svenska populationsbaserade kohorter (forskningsdatabaser med känsliga individdata) för världsledande forskning. Genom samutnyttjande av många kohorter kan vi skapa säkrare forskningsresultat till bättre nytta för patienter och allmänhet. Infrastrukturen kommer att omfatta kohorter med känsliga individdata och metadata, mjukvara, och servicetjänster. Infrastrukturen kommer att kurera data, katalogisera kohorter, förvalta kohorter, administrera datauttag och -insättningar och länkningar till andra register, harmonisera variabler vid sammanläggningsprojekt, genomföra statistisk analys, och genomföra utbildningsinsatser. Långsiktig professionell kohortförvaltning som inte är personberoende ger ökad säkerhet och kvalitet. Uniform katalogisering och dokumentation och uniforma uttagsprocesser ger ökad tillgänglighet. Infrastrukturen ger ökat utnyttjande av redan insamlade kohorter, och därmed ökat värde för skattebetalarnas grundinvesteringar i kohorterna. Infrastrukturen kan öka samarbeten mellan svenska lärosäten och med internationella kohortkonsortier, och den kan vara en nod för forskare som vill samarbeta, kanske extra viktigt för unga forskare utan stort kontaktnät. SND samarbetar med Cohorts.se. Dels genom utbildning av data managers och statistiker i den för ändamålet designade mjukvara som framförallt används i infrastrukturen, Maelstrom (maelstrom-research.org). Dels genom att forskare som vill ha tillgång till individdata från kohorter lotsas vidare från SND till Cohorts.se och Maelstrom-katalogen. Kontaktperson Cohorts.se: Johan Sundström, Professor vid Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, Uppsala universitet johan.sundstrom@ucr.uu.se SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL OJÄMLIKHET LIFE CYCLE LIVSCYKEL Data Collection Datainsamling Socioeconomic Factors Socioekonomiska faktorer Family Familj Health Hälsa Registries Register Education Utbildning FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILJEMEDLEMMAR GENERATIONS (AGE) GENERATIONER Social Determinants of Health Sociala bestämningsfaktorer för hälsa Social Mobility Social rörlighet HEALTH HÄLSA The unique multigenerational data base, Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigeneration Study (UBCoS), was established in 2004 by combining existing data on a representative and well-defined cohort of 14,192 males and females born in Uppsala from 1915-1929 with information on descendants of the original cohort members obtained from routine data registers. To date, the study has been further developed by additional data collection in school archives and records from Census 1930 and the period of follow-up extended till end of year 2010. Further data collection is currently ongoing. The study is unique in investigating intergenerational effects as "forward in time" processes, starting at the beginning of the last century (i.e. well before any of the routine registers were in place). Intergenerational associations can be currently investigated in more than 140,000 study subjects from families spanning up to five generations, including the 14,192 original cohort members, their 22,559 children, 38,771 grandchildren and 25,471 great grandchildren. The main research objectives are to: (i) Address questions of the extent to which and the mechanisms whereby social advantage and disadvantage are transmitted from one generation to the next, giving rise to continuity in social disadvantage both over the life cycle and across generations. (ii) Explore how early social and biological factors are transmitted from the parent generation to offspring generation(s). (iii) Integrate the understanding of broader social mechanisms with the understanding of disease specific aetiology to answer the question of how, and to what extent, health inequalities are reproduced into each new generation. Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate life course and intergenerational determinants of social inequalities in health. Number of participants: 14,192 original cohort together with >140,000 family members. Den unika multigenerationella databasen, Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study (UBCoS), startade 2004 genom att kombinera existerande data på en representativ och väldefinierad kohort bestående av 14 192 män och kvinnor födda vid Akademiska Sjukhuset i Uppsala under perioden 1915-1929, med information om ättlingar till de ursprungliga kohortmedlemmarna som erhållits från dataregister. Studien har utvecklats vidare genom ytterligare datainsamling (b.la. från skolarkiv) och den uppföljande perioden förlängdes till slutet av år 2010. Ytterligare datainsamling är för närvarande pågående. Studien är unik då den möjliggör studier av intergenerationella kopplingar i ett ”framåtblickande” (prospektivt) perspektiv med utgångspunkt i tidigt nittonhundratal, dvs. långt före rutindataregister fanns tillgängliga. Generationskopplingar kan nu undersökas hos mer än 140 000 personer från familjer som spänner upp till fem generationer, inklusive de 14 192 ursprungliga kohortmedlemmarna, deras 22 559 barn, 38 771 barnbarn och 25 471 barnbarnsbarn. De huvudsakliga målen med forskningen är att: (i) behandla frågor avseende i vilken utsträckning som, de mekanismer som innebär social fördel och nackdel överförs från en generation till nästa, vilket ger upphov till kontinuitet i sociala underläge både över livscykeln och mellan generationer. (ii) Utforska hur tidigt sociala och biologiska faktorer, särskilt de som är relaterade till kardiovaskulär risk, överförs från föräldragenerationen till nästkommande generation/generationerna. (iii) Integrera förståelsen av bredare sociala mekanismer för att svara på hur, och i vilken utsträckning, som ojämlikhet i hälsa återges i varje ny generation. Syfte: Studiens huvudsakliga mål är att utforska hur ojämlikheter i hälsa reproduceras över generationer. Antal deltagare: 14 192 från den ursprungliga kohorten tillsammans med över 140.000 familjemedlemmar. 1993-01-01 2015-05-01 IndividualIndividual IndividIndivid The original cohort consisted of 14,192 men and women born at Uppsala University Hospital during the period 1915-1929. Their partners and descendants are also included in the study. Den ursprungliga kohorten består av 14 192 män och kvinnor födda vid Akademiska Sjukhuset i Uppsala under perioden 1915-1929. Deras partners och ättlingar ingår också i studien. Numeric LongitudinalLongitudinal LongitudinellLongitudinell Total universe/Complete enumerationTotal universe/Complete enumeration Hela populationen/total räkningHela populationen/total räkning OtherOther ÖvrigtÖvrigt Access to data through an external actor. Access to data is restricted. Åtkomst till data via extern aktör. Tillgång till data är begränsad. restrictedAccess Donrovich R, Drefahl S, Koupil I. Early life conditions, partnership histories, and mortality risk for Swedish men and women born 1915-1929. Soc Sci Med 2014;108:60-67. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.036 Donrovich R, Drefahl S, Koupil I. Early life conditions, partnership histories, and mortality risk for Swedish men and women born 1915-1929. Soc Sci Med 2014;108:60-67. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.036 2014 Goodman A, Koupil I. Social and biological determinants of reproductive success in Swedish males and females born 1915-1929. Evolution and Human Behavior 2009;30(5)329-41. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.007 Goodman A, Koupil I. Social and biological determinants of reproductive success in Swedish males and females born 1915-1929. Evolution and Human Behavior 2009;30(5)329-41. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.007 2009 Modin B, Koupil I, Vågerö D. The impact of early twentieth century illegitimacy across three generations. Longevity and intergenerational health correlates. Soc Sci Med 2009;68(9):1633-40. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.019 Modin B, Koupil I, Vågerö D. The impact of early twentieth century illegitimacy across three generations. Longevity and intergenerational health correlates. Soc Sci Med 2009;68(9):1633-40. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.019 2009 Fors S, Modin B, Koupil I, Vågerö D. Socioeconomic inequalities in circulatory and all-cause mortality after retirement: the impact of mid-life income and old-age pension. Evidence from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012;66:e16. doi: 10.1136/jech.2010.131177 Fors S, Modin B, Koupil I, Vågerö D. Socioeconomic inequalities in circulatory and all-cause mortality after retirement: the impact of mid-life income and old-age pension. Evidence from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012;66:e16. doi: 10.1136/jech.2010.131177 2012 Modin B, Fritzell J. The long arm of the family: are parental and grandparental earnings related to young men's body mass index and cognitive ability? Int J Epidemiol 2009;38(3):733-44. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp001 Modin B, Fritzell J. The long arm of the family: are parental and grandparental earnings related to young men's body mass index and cognitive ability? Int J Epidemiol 2009;38(3):733-44. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp001 2009 Book section:Pickles A, De Stavola BL. Chapter 9 An overview of methods for studying events and their timing. In "Epidemiological Methods in Life Course Research", Pickles A, Maughan B, Wadsworth M (eds). Oxford University Press 2007. Book section:Pickles A, De Stavola BL. Chapter 9 An overview of methods for studying events and their timing. In "Epidemiological Methods in Life Course Research", Pickles A, Maughan B, Wadsworth M (eds). Oxford University Press 2007. 2007 Gisselmann M, Koupil I, De Stavola BL. The combined influence of parental education and preterm birth on school performance. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010;65:764-9. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.105569 Gisselmann M, Koupil I, De Stavola BL. The combined influence of parental education and preterm birth on school performance. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010;65:764-9. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.105569 2010 Risnes KR, Vatten LJ, Baker JL, Jameson K, Sovio U, Kajantie E, Osler M, Morley R, Jokela M, Painter RC, Sundh V, Jacobsen GW, Eriksson JG, Sørensen TI, Bracken MB. Birtweight and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2011;40(3):647-61. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq267 Risnes KR, Vatten LJ, Baker JL, Jameson K, Sovio U, Kajantie E, Osler M, Morley R, Jokela M, Painter RC, Sundh V, Jacobsen GW, Eriksson JG, Sørensen TI, Bracken MB. Birtweight and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2011;40(3):647-61. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq267 2011 Modin B, Eriksson R, Vågerö D. Intergenerational continuity in school performance: Do grandparents matter? Eur Sociol Rev 2012. doi:10.1093/esr/jcs064 Modin B, Eriksson R, Vågerö D. Intergenerational continuity in school performance: Do grandparents matter? Eur Sociol Rev 2012. doi:10.1093/esr/jcs064 2012 MacCabe JH, Koupil I, Leon DA. Lifetime reproductive output over two generations in patients with psychosis and their unaffected siblings: The Uppsala 1915-1929 Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study. Psychological Medicine 2009;39(10):1667-76. doi: 10.1017/S0033291709005431 MacCabe JH, Koupil I, Leon DA. Lifetime reproductive output over two generations in patients with psychosis and their unaffected siblings: The Uppsala 1915-1929 Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study. Psychological Medicine 2009;39(10):1667-76. doi: 10.1017/S0033291709005431 2009 De Stavola BL, Leon DA, Koupil I. Intergenerational correlations in size at birth and the contribution of environmental factors: The Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, Sweden, 1915-2002. Am J Epidemiol 2011;174(1):52-62. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr032 De Stavola BL, Leon DA, Koupil I. Intergenerational correlations in size at birth and the contribution of environmental factors: The Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, Sweden, 1915-2002. Am J Epidemiol 2011;174(1):52-62. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr032 2011 McCormack V, dos Santos Silva I. Koupil I, Leon DA, Lithell H. Birth characteristics and adult cancer incidence: Swedish cohort of over 11,000 men and women. Int J Cancer 2005;115(4):611-617. doi:10.1002/ijc.20915 McCormack V, dos Santos Silva I. Koupil I, Leon DA, Lithell H. Birth characteristics and adult cancer incidence: Swedish cohort of over 11,000 men and women. Int J Cancer 2005;115(4):611-617. doi:10.1002/ijc.20915 2005 Goodman A, Koupil I. The effect of school performance upon marriage and long-term reproductive success in 10,000 Swedish males and females born 1915–1929. Evolution and Human Behavior 2010, 31(6) 425-435. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.06.002 Goodman A, Koupil I. The effect of school performance upon marriage and long-term reproductive success in 10,000 Swedish males and females born 1915–1929. Evolution and Human Behavior 2010, 31(6) 425-435. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.06.002 2010 Danziger PD, Silverwood R, Koupil I. Fetal growth, early life circumstances, and risk of suicide in late adulthood. Eur J Epidemiol 2011;26(7):571-581. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9592-3 Danziger PD, Silverwood R, Koupil I. Fetal growth, early life circumstances, and risk of suicide in late adulthood. Eur J Epidemiol 2011;26(7):571-581. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9592-3 2011 Heshmati A, Koupil I. Placental weight and foetal growth rate as predictors of ischaemic heart disease in a Swedish cohort. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014 doi:10.1017/S2040174414000142 Heshmati A, Koupil I. Placental weight and foetal growth rate as predictors of ischaemic heart disease in a Swedish cohort. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014 doi:10.1017/S2040174414000142 2014 Goodman A, Kajantie E, Osmond C, Eriksson J, Koupil I, Thornburg K, Phillips DI. The relationship between umbilical cord length and chronic rheumatic heart disease: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014. doi:10.1177/2047487314544082 Goodman A, Kajantie E, Osmond C, Eriksson J, Koupil I, Thornburg K, Phillips DI. The relationship between umbilical cord length and chronic rheumatic heart disease: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014. doi:10.1177/2047487314544082 2014 Koupil I. The Uppsala studies on developmental origins of health and disease. J Intern Med 2007;261(5):426-36. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01799.x Koupil I. The Uppsala studies on developmental origins of health and disease. J Intern Med 2007;261(5):426-36. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01799.x 2007 Ahrén-Moonga J, Silverwood R, Klinteberg BA, Koupil I. Association of higher parental and grandparental education and higher school grades with risk of hospitalization for eating disorders in females: the Uppsala birth cohort multigenerational study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(5):566-75. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp166 Ahrén-Moonga J, Silverwood R, Klinteberg BA, Koupil I. Association of higher parental and grandparental education and higher school grades with risk of hospitalization for eating disorders in females: the Uppsala birth cohort multigenerational study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(5):566-75. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp166 2009 Goodman A, Koupil I, Lawson DW. Low fertility increases descendant socioeconomic position but reduces long-term fitness in a modern post-industrial society. Proc Biol Sci 2012;279(1746):4342-51. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1415 Goodman A, Koupil I, Lawson DW. Low fertility increases descendant socioeconomic position but reduces long-term fitness in a modern post-industrial society. Proc Biol Sci 2012;279(1746):4342-51. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1415 2012 Silva I dos S, De Stavola B, McCormack V, Collaborative Group on Pre-Natal Risk Factors and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer (Koupil I was a member of the group). Birth size and breast cancer risk: re-analysis of individual participant data from 32 studies. PLoS Medicine 2008;5(9):1372-86. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050193 Silva I dos S, De Stavola B, McCormack V, Collaborative Group on Pre-Natal Risk Factors and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer (Koupil I was a member of the group). Birth size and breast cancer risk: re-analysis of individual participant data from 32 studies. PLoS Medicine 2008;5(9):1372-86. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050193 2008 Holowko N, Mishra G, Koupil I. Social inequality in excessive gestational weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 (Epub ahead of print) doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.62 Holowko N, Mishra G, Koupil I. Social inequality in excessive gestational weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 (Epub ahead of print) doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.62 2013 Koupil I, Toivanen P. Social and early life determinants of overweight and obesity in 18-year old Swedish men. Int J Obesity (London) 2008; 32, 73–81. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803681 Koupil I, Toivanen P. Social and early life determinants of overweight and obesity in 18-year old Swedish men. Int J Obesity (London) 2008; 32, 73–81. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803681 2008 Rajaleid K, Hallqvist J, Koupil I. The effect of early life factors on 28 day case fatality after acute myocardial infarction. Scand J Public Health 2009;37(7):720-7. doi: 10.1177/1403494809344445 Rajaleid K, Hallqvist J, Koupil I. The effect of early life factors on 28 day case fatality after acute myocardial infarction. Scand J Public Health 2009;37(7):720-7. doi: 10.1177/1403494809344445 2009 Modin B, Vågerö D, Hallqvist J, Koupil I. The contribution of parental and grandparental childhood social disadvantage to circulatory disease diagnosis in young Swedish men. Soc Sci Med 2008;66(4):822-834. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.001 Modin B, Vågerö D, Hallqvist J, Koupil I. The contribution of parental and grandparental childhood social disadvantage to circulatory disease diagnosis in young Swedish men. Soc Sci Med 2008;66(4):822-834. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.001 2008 Sovio U, Dibden A, Koupil I. Social determinants of infant mortality in a historical Swedish cohort. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012;26(5):408-20. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01302.x Sovio U, Dibden A, Koupil I. Social determinants of infant mortality in a historical Swedish cohort. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012;26(5):408-20. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01302.x 2012 Rajaleid K, Manor O, Koupil I. Does the strength of the association between foetal growth rate and ischaemic heart disease mortality differ by social circumstances in early or later life? J Epidemiol Community Health 2008;62(5):e6. doi:10.1136/jech.2006.059147 Rajaleid K, Manor O, Koupil I. Does the strength of the association between foetal growth rate and ischaemic heart disease mortality differ by social circumstances in early or later life? J Epidemiol Community Health 2008;62(5):e6. doi:10.1136/jech.2006.059147 2008 Jonsson U, Goodman A, von Knorring A-L, von Knorring L, Koupil I. School performance and hospital admission due to unipolar depression: a three-generational study of social causation and social selection. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012;47(10):1695-706. doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0476-y Jonsson U, Goodman A, von Knorring A-L, von Knorring L, Koupil I. School performance and hospital admission due to unipolar depression: a three-generational study of social causation and social selection. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2012;47(10):1695-706. doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0476-y 2012 Koupil I, Leon DA, Lithell HO. Length of gestation is associated with mortality from cerebrovascular disease. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59(6):473-474. doi:10.1136/jech.2004.026518 Koupil I, Leon DA, Lithell HO. Length of gestation is associated with mortality from cerebrovascular disease. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59(6):473-474. doi:10.1136/jech.2004.026518 2005 Manor O, Koupil I. Birth weight of infants and mortality in their parents and grandparents: the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiology 2010;9(5):1264-76. (DOI) 10.1093/ije/dyq046 Manor O, Koupil I. Birth weight of infants and mortality in their parents and grandparents: the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiology 2010;9(5):1264-76. (DOI) 10.1093/ije/dyq046 2010 Sovio U, Jones R, Dos Santos Silva I, Koupil I. Birth size and survival in breast cacner patients from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control 2013;24(9):1643-1651 doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0238-5 Sovio U, Jones R, Dos Santos Silva I, Koupil I. Birth size and survival in breast cacner patients from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control 2013;24(9):1643-1651 doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0238-5 2013 Goodman A, Mishra GD, dos Santos Silva I, Koupil I. Maternal pelvic size not predictive of daughter's breast cancer or ovarian cancer in a large Swedish cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2333-5. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0505 Goodman A, Mishra GD, dos Santos Silva I, Koupil I. Maternal pelvic size not predictive of daughter's breast cancer or ovarian cancer in a large Swedish cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2333-5. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0505 2009 Heshmati A, Mishra G, Koupil I. Childhood and adulthood socio-economic position and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2013;67(11):939-946 doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202149 Heshmati A, Mishra G, Koupil I. Childhood and adulthood socio-economic position and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2013;67(11):939-946 doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202149 2013 Koupil I, Goodman A. Health Equity: A life course approach. Public Service Review: European Union 2011; 11:382-3. Koupil I, Goodman A. Health Equity: A life course approach. Public Service Review: European Union 2011; 11:382-3. 2011 Goodman A, Gisselmann MD, Koupil I. Birth outcomes and early-life social characteristics predict unequal educational outcomes: consistency across Swedish cohorts born 1915-1929 and 1973-1980. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 2010;1(4):317-338. Goodman A, Gisselmann MD, Koupil I. Birth outcomes and early-life social characteristics predict unequal educational outcomes: consistency across Swedish cohorts born 1915-1929 and 1973-1980. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 2010;1(4):317-338. 2010 Mishra GD, Chiesa F, Goodman A, De Stavola B, Koupil I. Socio-economic position over the life course and all-cause, and circulatory diseases mortality at age 50-87 years: results from a Swedish birth cohort. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28(2):139-147 doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9777-z Mishra GD, Chiesa F, Goodman A, De Stavola B, Koupil I. Socio-economic position over the life course and all-cause, and circulatory diseases mortality at age 50-87 years: results from a Swedish birth cohort. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28(2):139-147 doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9777-z 2013 Byberg L, Michaëlsson K, Goodman A, Zethelius B, Koupil I. Birth weight is not associated with risk of fracture. Results from two Swedish cohort studies. J Bone Miner Res 2014. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2246 Byberg L, Michaëlsson K, Goodman A, Zethelius B, Koupil I. Birth weight is not associated with risk of fracture. Results from two Swedish cohort studies. J Bone Miner Res 2014. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2246 2014