Varieties of Democracy Dataset - Version 10
type: Dataset
description: Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy. We provide a multidimensional and disaggregated dataset that reflects the complexity of the concept of democracy as a system of rule that goes beyond the simple presence of elections. The V-Dem project distinguishes between five high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian, and collects data to measure these principles. V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from offcial documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings. V-Dem works closely with leading social science research methodologists and has developed a state of the art Bayesian Item Response Theory measurement model that, to the extent possible, minimizes coder error and addresses issues of comparability across countries and over time. V-Dem also draws on the team’s academic expertise to develop theoretically informed techniques for aggregating indicators into mid- and high-level indices. In this sense, V-Dem is at the cutting edge of developing new and improved methods of social science measurement.
citation: Teorell, Jan, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Beyond democracy-dictatorship measures: a new framework capturing executive bases of power, 1789–2016." Perspectives on Politics 17, no. 1 (2019): 66-84.
citation: Lührmann, Anna, Sandra Grahn, Richard Morgan, Shreeya Pillai, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "State of the world 2018: democracy facing global challenges." Democratization (2019): 1-21.
citation: CreativeWork
  name: Pemstein, Daniel, Kyle L. Marquardt, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Joshua Krusell, and Farhad Miri. "The V-Dem measurement model: latent variable analysis for cross-national and cross-temporal expert-coded data​." V-Dem Working Paper 21 (2018).
citation: Coppedge, Michael, et al. "The Methodology of “Varieties of Democracy”(V-Dem)." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 143.1 (2019): 107-133.
citation: CreativeWork
  name: Coppedge, Michael, Staffan Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, and Jan Teorell. "Measuring high level democratic principles using the V-Dem data." International Political Science Review 37, no. 5 (2016): 580-593.
citation: Sigman, Rachel, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Democracy for all: Conceptualizing and measuring egalitarian democracy." Political Science Research and Methods 7, no. 3 (2019): 595-612.
citation: Teorell, Jan, Michael Coppedge, Staffan Lindberg, and Svend-Erik Skaaning. "Measuring polyarchy across the globe, 1900–2017." Studies in Comparative International Development 54, no. 1 (2019): 71-95.
citation: Sundström, Aksel, Pamela Paxton, Yi-Ting Wang, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Women’s political empowerment: A new global index, 1900–2012." World Development 94 (2017): 321-335.
citation: Lührmann, Anna, Marcus Tannenberg, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Regimes of the World (RoW): Opening New Avenues for the Comparative Study of Political Regimes." Politics & Governance 6, no. 1 (2018).
citation: CreativeWork
  name: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Steven Fish, Allen Hicken, Matthew Kroenig et al. "Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: A new approach." Perspectives on Politics 9, no. 2 (2011): 247-267.
citation: Coppedge, Michael, et al. "Varieties of Democracy: Measuring Two Centuries of Political Change." (2020).
citation: CreativeWork
  name: Bernhard, Michael, Dong-Joon Jung, Eitan Tzelgov, Michael Coppedge, and Staffan I. Lindberg. "Making embedded knowledge transparent: How the V-Dem dataset opens new vistas in civil society research." Perspectives on Politics 15, no. 2 (2017): 342-360.
conditions of access: http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC
conditions of access: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
creative work status: completed
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creator: Michael Coppedge
creator: John Gerring
creator: Carl Henrik Knutsen
creator: Staffan I. Lindberg
creator: Jan Teorell
creator: David Altman
creator: Michael Bernhard
creator: M. Steven Fish
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of California-Berkeley
    type: Organization
    department: Department of Political Science
  family name: Fish
  given name: M. Steven
creator: Adam Glynn
  type: Person
  affiliation: Emory University
    type: Organization
    department: Department of Political Science
  family name: Glynn
  given name: Adam
creator: Allen Hicken
creator: Anna Lührmann
creator: Kyle L. Marquardt
creator: Kelly McMann
creator: Pamela Paxton
creator: Daniel Pemstein
creator: Brigitte Seim
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  family name: Seim
  given name: Brigitte
creator: Rachel Sigman
  type: Person
  affiliation: Postgraduate Naval School
  family name: Sigman
  given name: Rachel
creator: Svend-Erik Skaaning
creator: Jeffrey Staton
  type: Person
  affiliation: Emory University
    type: Organization
    department: Department of Political Science
  family name: Staton
  given name: Jeffrey
creator: Steven Wilson
creator: Agnes Cornell
creator: Nazifa Alizada
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Gothenburg
  family name: Alizada
  given name: Nazifa
creator: Lisa Gastaldi
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Gothenburg
  family name: Gastaldi
  given name: Lisa
creator: Haakon Gjerløw
creator: Garry Hindle
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Gothenburg
  family name: Hindle
  given name: Garry
creator: Nina Ilchenko
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Gothenburg
  family name: Ilchenko
  given name: Nina
creator: Laura Maxwell
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Gothenburg
  family name: Maxwell
  given name: Laura
creator: Valeriya Mechkova
creator: Juraj Medzihorsky
creator: Johannes von Römer
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Gothenburg
  family name: Römer
  given name: Johannes von
creator: Aksel Sundström
creator: Eitan Tzelgov
creator: Yi-ting Wang
creator: Tore Wig
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Oslo
  family name: Wig
  given name: Tore
creator: Daniel Ziblatt
  type: Person
  affiliation: Harvard University
  family name: Ziblatt
  given name: Daniel
date modified: 2024-08-15
date published: 2020-04-07
language: English
keywords: Government, political systems and organisations
keywords: Political Science
  type: DefinedTerm
  term code: 506
keywords: Political Science (Excluding Peace and Conflict Studies)
  type: DefinedTerm
  term code: 50601
keywords: Social Media
keywords: state
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
publisher: University of Gothenburg
size: QuantitativeValue
  unit text: cases
  value: 27013
size: QuantitativeValue
  unit text: variables
  value: 4108
spatial coverage: North America
spatial coverage: Asia
spatial coverage: Africa
spatial coverage: Europe
spatial coverage: South America
spatial coverage: Oceania
temporal coverage: 1789-12-31/2019-12-31
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distribution: documentation/v-dem_codebook_v10.pdf
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version: 1

PropertyValue
property ID: DOI
value: 10.23696/vdemds20

PropertyValue
property ID: URL
value: https://www.v-dem.net/en/data/data-version-10/

Michael Coppedge
type: Person
affiliation: University of Notre Dame
  type: Organization
  department: Kellogg Institute for International Studies
family name: Coppedge
given name: Michael

John Gerring
type: Person
affiliation: University of Texas at Austin
family name: Gerring
given name: John

Carl Henrik Knutsen
type: Person
affiliation: University of Oslo
family name: Knutsen
given name: Carl Henrik

Staffan I. Lindberg
type: Person
affiliation: University of Gothenburg
family name: Lindberg
given name: Staffan I.

University of Gothenburg
type: Organization

Jan Teorell
type: Person
affiliation: Lund University
family name: Teorell
given name: Jan

Lund University
type: Organization

David Altman
type: Person
affiliation: Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
family name: Altman
given name: David

Michael Bernhard
type: Person
affiliation: University of Florida
  type: Organization
  department: Department of Political Science
family name: Bernhard
given name: Michael

Allen Hicken
type: Person
affiliation: University of Michigan
family name: Hicken
given name: Allen

Anna Lührmann
type: Person
affiliation: University of Gothenburg
family name: Lührmann
given name: Anna

Kyle L. Marquardt
type: Person
affiliation: National Research University Higher School of Economics
family name: Marquardt
given name: Kyle L.

Kelly McMann
type: Person
affiliation: Case Western Reserve University
family name: McMann
given name: Kelly

Pamela Paxton
type: Person
affiliation: University of Texas at Austin
family name: Paxton
given name: Pamela

Daniel Pemstein
type: Person
affiliation: North Dakota State University
family name: Pemstein
given name: Daniel

Svend-Erik Skaaning
type: Person
affiliation: Aarhus University
family name: Skaaning
given name: Svend-Erik

Steven Wilson
type: Person
affiliation: The University of Nevada at Reno
family name: Wilson
given name: Steven

Agnes Cornell
type: Person
affiliation: Lund University
family name: Cornell
given name: Agnes

Haakon Gjerløw
type: Person
affiliation: University of Oslo
family name: Gjerløw
given name: Haakon

Valeriya Mechkova
type: Person
affiliation: University of Gothenburg
family name: Mechkova
given name: Valeriya

Juraj Medzihorsky
type: Person
affiliation: University of Gothenburg
family name: Medzihorsky
given name: Juraj

Aksel Sundström
type: Person
affiliation: University of Gothenburg
family name: Sundström
given name: Aksel

Eitan Tzelgov
type: Person
affiliation: University of East Anglia
family name: Tzelgov
given name: Eitan

Yi-ting Wang
type: Person
affiliation: National Cheng Kung University
family name: Wang
given name: Yi-ting

English
type: Language
alternate name: eng

Government, political systems and organisations
type: DefinedTerm
description: Issues relating to national, regional and local government, governing bodies (e.g. the Government, Parliament, local government bodies), public administration, other political organisations such as political parties. For example, data on government policies, political parties and their policies, political party leaders, trust in government bodies.
term code: Politics.GovernmentPoliticalSystemsAndOrganisations

ELECTIONS
type: DefinedTerm

MASS MEDIA
type: DefinedTerm

SOCIAL INEQUALITY
type: DefinedTerm

ELECTION DATA
type: DefinedTerm

DEMOCRACY
type: DefinedTerm

CORRUPTION
type: DefinedTerm

POLITICAL PARTIES
type: DefinedTerm

DEMOCRATIZATION
type: DefinedTerm

HEADS OF GOVERNMENT
type: DefinedTerm

HEADS OF STATE
type: DefinedTerm

ELECTORAL ISSUES
type: DefinedTerm
description: LOCAL, REGIONAL, NATIONAL, OR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ISSUES WITH THE POTENTIAL TO INFLUENCE VOTING IN A PARTICULAR ELECTION

MEDIA LITERACY
type: DefinedTerm
description: THE PROCESS OF ACCESSING, CRITICALLY ANALYSING MEDIA MESSAGES AND CREATING MESSAGES USING MEDIA TOOLS

MASS MEDIA BIAS
type: DefinedTerm

MASS MEDIA USE
type: DefinedTerm
description: THE MANNER, PURPOSE, FREQUENCY, ETC., OF AUDIENCE USE OF THE ELECTRONIC OR PRINTED MASS MEDIA

SOVEREIGNTY
type: DefinedTerm

LEGISLATURE
type: DefinedTerm
description: DELIBERATIVE BODIES OF PERSONS WHO ARE EMPOWERED TO MAKE, CHANGE, OR REPEAL THE LAWS OF COUNTRIES OR STATES

Social Media
type: DefinedTerm
description: Platforms that provide the ability and tools to create and publish information accessed via the INTERNET. Generally these platforms have three characteristics with content user generated, high degree of interaction between creator and viewer, and easily integrated with other sites.
term code: D061108

state
type: DefinedTerm
description: A people permanently occupying a fixed territory bound together by common law, habits and custom into one body politic exercising, through the medium of an organized government, independent sovereignty and control over all persons and things within its boundaries, unless or until authority is ceded to a federation or union of other states.
term code: 8062

GENDER EQUALITY
type: DefinedTerm