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    <item>
      <title>Referendum study 1957</title>
      <description>Since 1956 a election study have been carried out in conjunction with every parliamentary election in Sweden. Likewise studies have been carried out in conjunction with the two referenda that have taken place since then. In 1957 a referendum on the general supplementary pension scheme (ATP) took place. The respondents were questioned three times, two interviews were held before the day of the referendum and a mail survey were sent to them after the referendum. The study contains questions on the general supplementary pension scheme, national basic pension, opinion of the three proposals, sources of information, and newspaper reading. Apart from the questions concerning the referendum, the study examines Swedish national defence by including questions about the war risk and the atomic bomb.

Purpose:

Explain why people vote as they do and why an election ends in a particular way. Track and follow trends in the Swedish electoral democracy and make comparisons with other countries.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1987 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0208-1</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0208-1</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Bo Särlvik</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jörgen Westerståhl</dc:creator>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Panel Swedish election study 2002 - Referendum study 2003</title>
      <description>This dataset contains data from the people who were part of the panel interviewed both in the 2002 election survey and in the referendum on Swedish membership in the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 2003.
Purpose:

Explain why people vote as they do and why an election ends in a particular way. Track and follow trends in the Swedish electoral democracy and make comparisons with other countries.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Mar 2006 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0814-2</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0814-2</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Sören Holmberg</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Henrik Ekengren Oscarsson</dc:creator>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Swedish election study 1994</title>
      <description>This is the thirteenth election study carried out in Sweden in connection with a Swedish general election. Many of the questions are replications of questions asked in one or several of the previous surveys, but there are also a number of questions not asked before. The interview included questions on how much the respondent takes part of political matters in mass media; political interest in general and political discussions among family and friends; important issues when deciding how to vote; opinion on which of the smaller parties will receive at least 4% of the votes; and preferred formation of the government after the election. There were also a number of questions on the opinions of the political parties regarding: employment, environment, taxes, the Swedish economy, energy and nuclear power, foreign affairs and security policy, social safety, child care, EU, refugees, law and order, equality between men and women, and education. Political parties, party leaders and other key politicians, and different groups and organizations were to be placed on a scale ranging from strongly dislike to strongly like. The respondents also had to state how much confidence they had in Swedish politicians and to give marks from -5 to +5 for different formations of government during the two last decades. They also had to indicate what they considered most important to fight against, unemployment or inflation, and to state their opinion on nuclear power. Furthermore there were a number of questions concerning a Swedish EU-membership: the opinion of the respondent, reason for being for/against a Swedish membership, opinion of different political parties. Other questions dealt with the kind of society preferred and how worrying for the future one considered following things to be: environmental damage, economic crise, situation in Russia, increasing number of refugees, unemployment, increasing violence, the risk of Sweden being included in a war, and the risk of Sweden being less democratic. The respondent also had to place people in general on three different scales concerning selfishness, trustworthiness, and knowledge what is best for themselves. The respondent also had to place herself/himself on all these scales. A number of questions dealt with party preference; vote in the September elections and at the EU referendum; things important when choosing party; votes in earlier elections. As in earlier election studies the respondent had to place the political parties on a political left-right scale. In this survey the political parties also had to be placed on a green dimension scale, a EU-opinion scale, a refugee acceptance scale, and a equality between men and women scale. The respondent also had to place herself/himself on all these scales.

Purpose:

Explain why people vote as they do and why an election ends in a particular way. Track and follow trends in the Swedish electoral democracy and make comparisons with other countries.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0570-1</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0570-1</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Sören Holmberg</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mikael Gilljam</dc:creator>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Referendum study 1980</title>
      <description>In March 1980 a referendum on nuclear power took place. People entitled to vote in local elections were also entitled to vote in the referendum. The respondents were questioned three times; firstly by a telephone interview during the period January 21-February 10, secondly by an interview during the period February 25 to March 16 and finally a mail survey were sent to the respondent after the referendum. The main part of the questions were about nuclear power and other types of supply of energy, but there are also a number of questions similar to those held in an ordinary election study.

Purpose:

Explain why people vote as they do and why an election ends in a particular way. Track and follow trends in the Swedish electoral democracy and make comparisons with other countries.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0203-1</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0203-1</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Sören Holmberg</dc:creator>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Referendum study 2003</title>
      <description>In conjunction with the referendum on Swedish membership of the European monetary Union (EMU) an election study was carried out in collaboration between Statistics Sweden and the Department of Political Science at Göteborg University.

Purpose:

Explain why people vote as they do and why an election ends in a particular way. Track and follow trends in the Swedish electoral democracy and make comparisons with other countries.</description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0814-1</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0814-1</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Sören Holmberg</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Henrik Ekengren Oscarsson</dc:creator>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Swedish National Election Study 2014</title>
      <description>The Swedish National Election Study 2014 was conducted in collaboration between the Department of Political Science in Gothenburg and Statistics Sweden (SCB). This collaboration has covered all of the parliamentary elections, referendums and elections to the European Parliament since 1956. The Department of Political Science is responsible for the questionnaires, interview instructions, processing of data, coding and analyses. SCB is responsible for sampling, field work and reporting to the official statistics.

The election study 2014 was conducted in a collaboration between the Department of Political Science in Gothenburg and Statistics Sweden (SCB). This collaboration has covered all of the parliamentary elections, referendums and elections to the European Parliament since 1956. The Department of Political Science is responsible for the questionnaires, interview instructions, processing of data, coding and analyses. SCB is responsible for sampling, field work and reporting to the official statistics.

The election study of the parliamentary election 2014 follows the same design as all of the previous election studies since the election in 1973. The study includes a representative sample of 3971 Swedish citizens who are qualified to vote in the age range 18–80 years old. Swedish citizens living abroad were excluded from the sample. 2230 individuals from the 3971 individuals included in the sample participated in an interview (56 percent). The number of drop-outs (non-response) was 1741 individuals. 845 individuals from this group declined participation, 800 individuals were not available and 91 persons could not participate because of illness or similar reasons (information is missing for 5 individuals).

The study is divided into two stages, one stage before the election and one stage after the election. Half of the sample is selected to be interviewed before the election, and the other half of the sample is to be interviewed after the election. The individuals who are interviewed before the election also receive a shorter questionnaire after the election, including questions about their voting choice in the election 2014 (parliament, county council and local municipality). The individuals who could, for different reasons, not be interviewed before the election by SCB are contacted again after the election. The respondents will then answer the post-election questionnaire.

The sample is is comprised of a two-step-panel. Half of the individuals in the selection participated in the election study of 2010 and are interviewed again in the election study 2014. The other half of the individuals in the sample are interviewed for the first time 2014 and are contacted again for an interview 2018.

Election studies, as with all survey studies, are affected by increasingly large numbers of drop-outs (non-responses). All of the individuals who hesitate/decline to participate in an interview are therefore asked to participate in a shortened version of the interview in order to mitigate the effect of this problem. Individuals who hesitate to participate in the shortened version are asked to participate in an extremely shortened version of the questionnaire.

The field work in stage A, the pre-election interviews, started the 18th of August and finished the 12th of September. The individuals who responded in stage A received a shorter post election-questionnaire by mail on the 15th of September. The field work in stage B, the post-election interviews, started the day after the election, the 15th of September, and finished the 10th of October. The work that followed was finished by the beginning of November.</description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2021 15:12:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd1039-1</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd1039-1</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Henrik Ekengren Oscarsson</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Per Hedberg</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Per Oleskog Tryggvason</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Linda Berg</dc:creator>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Referendum study 1994</title>
      <description>In conjunction with the referendum on Swedish membership of the European Union (EU) an election study was carried out in collaboration between Statistics Sweden and the Department of Political Science at Göteborg University. All interviews were carried out before the day of the referendum, November 13 1994.

The interview included questions on how much the respondent had been taking part of EU-issues in daily papers; political interest in general and interest in the EU-issue in particular; opinion on the EU, and if there had been some changes in the opinion during the last year. For all political parties the respondent had to state if the party supported ´yes´ or ´no´ in the referendum, and furthermore the respondent had to place the parties on a scale ranging from ´very negative´ to ´very positive´ towards a Swedish membership of the European Union. Other questions dealt with how a Swedish membership of the EU should affect a number of fields; opinion on a European federal state; and opinion on referenda in general. A number of questions dealt with the respondent´s knowledge of EU; probable outcome of the Swedish and Norwegian referenda respectively, and knowledge of the actual outcome of the Finnish referendum; attitudes towards EU among the surroundings, and the importance of other people´s attitudes and arguing for one´s own attitude; and how one plans to vote in the referendum. Besides the EU-specific questions the interview included questions on attitudes toward the various political parties; opinion on a number of topical questions; confidence in Swedish politicians; type of society one ought to go in for in the future; activities to influence political decisions; and own experiences of the tightening Swedish labour market. There are also information about education, occupation, trade union affiliation, marital status, and knowledge of languages. After the referendum the respondent had to answer a mail questionnaire, including questions on actual vote; when one decided how to vote; if one had been watching the concluding TV debate; and if the attitude towards a Swedish membership had been altered during the campaign.

Purpose:

Explain why people vote as they do and why an election ends in a particular way. Track and follow trends in the Swedish electoral democracy and make comparisons with other countries.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0496-1</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0496-1</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Sören Holmberg</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mikael Gilljam</dc:creator>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Swedish National Election Study 2018</title>
      <description>The Swedish National Election study 2018 was conducted in collaboration between the Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg and Statistics Sweden (SCB). The Swedish election studies have been conducted at all parliamentary elections, referendums and European Parliament elections since 1956. 

For the first time, the study was carried out as completely postal and web mixed mode, but with the same basic design: rolling long-term panels, campaign panel with pre-election and follow-up survey and voter validation. Respondents had the option of completing the survey by filling in a paper questionnaire sent by post or by completing the survey online. 

The Swedish National Election study 2018 consisted of three stages: stage A (pre-election survey), stage B (post-election survey) and stage C (separate post-election survey as part of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES)). 

The sample (23,398 persons in total) is representative of the Swedish population aged 18-85 and eligible to vote in the parliamentary election. Swedish citizens living abroad or with a protected identity are not included in the sample. Of the total sample, 15,398 were included in stages A and B. This sample is drawn jointly for both stages and is set up as a rolling two-stage panel. Half of the sample already participated in the 2014 Election Survey and will participate again in the 2018 Election Survey. This incoming panel was added with respondents from the 2014 European Election Survey. The other half of the sample will participate for the first time in 2018 and will be contacted again to participate in the 2022 Election Survey. The stage C sample consists of 8000 people, is drawn separately and not part of the long-term panels.

Fieldwork for stage A, the pre-election survey, started on August 2 and ended on September 13. By September 10, Stage A respondents had received a short follow-up survey. Fieldwork for stage B, the post-election survey, started on the day after election day on September 10 and ended on November 6. The fieldwork for stage C, the CSES-survey, started at the same time as Stage B, on September 10, and was also completed on November 6.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Dec 2024 11:07:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/2024-479</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/2024-479</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Henrik Ekengren Oscarsson</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dennis Andersson</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Per Hedberg</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Richard Karlsson</dc:creator>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Media election survey referendum 1980 - News analysis</title>
      <description>This is the second study of the political contents in press, radio and television within the research projects ´Mass media and the electorate´ and ´Swedish election campaign´ and it was carried out in connection with the referendum on nuclear power in March 1980. It is a detailed campaign study of news reporting in the press, radio and television during the last ten weeks before the day of the referendum.

Purpose:

To describe, identify and analyse media's reporting of the election campaign 1980.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0199-1</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/snd0199-1</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Kent Asp</dc:creator>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>European Parliament Election Study 2014</title>
      <description>The European Parliament Election Study 2014 was conducted in collaboration between the Department of Political Science in Gothenburg and Statistics Sweden (SCB). This collaboration has covered all of the parliamentary elections, referendums and elections to the European Parliament since 1956.

In 2014 the Swedish National Election Studies (SNES) team changed the primary mode of the study from face to face to a 24
page mail-back paper survey. One of the main reasons for the mode change was the ever increasing
costs of preforming face to face interviews. Another reason was to combat the trend of declining
response rate and to ensure large enough (n) in the study. As a result the sample size was doubled to
5400 individuals.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Aug 2022 08:53:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/2022-87-1</link>
      <guid>https://researchdata.se/en/catalogue/dataset/2022-87-1</guid>
      <dc:publisher>University of Gothenburg</dc:publisher>
      <dc:creator>Henrik Oscarsson</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Linda Berg</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Per Hedberg</dc:creator>
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