Skip to main content
Researchdata.se

Trends in groundwater chemistry across Sweden during 1980−2020

https://doi.org/10.5878/ms33-dh85
This dataset contains medians, linear trends and change points in groundwater chemistry across Sweden during 1980-2020. Water chemical parameters include measured pH, alkalinity, concentrations of base cations and acid anions, dissolved oxygen, dissolved silica, total organic carbon, groundwater temperature, groundwater level, as well as dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon dioxide calculated using carbonate equilibrium equations based on pH, alkalinity and temperature. The statistics are calculated from a total of 5745 sampling occasions for 55 groundwater wells or springs that are part of the National Groundwater Chemistry Monitoring program run by the Geological Survey of Sweden. Included is also background information on the sampling locations. The aim with this data compilation is to evaluate effects of environmental changes on groundwater carbon cycling. Given are medians and linear trends (Theil sen slopes, incl. p-value), change points in trends and numbers of observation of dissolved inorganic carbon, carbon dioxide, pH, alkalinity, total organic carbon, base cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na), acid anions (Cl, SO4, NO3), ammonium, dissolved silica, dissolved oxygen, groundwater temperature and groundwater level. Medians and linear trends are also given for transformations (Pivot coordinates) of the above listed water chemical variables that account for the compositional nature of the data (Templ et al. 2011). Additionally, site specific information is given, including site name / ID, geographic coordinates, bedrock type, aquifer type and well depth. Dissolved inorganic carbon and carbon dioxide is calculated using carbonate equilibrium equations based on alkalinity, pH and water temperature, using the R package "phreeqc" (Charlton and Parkhurst 2011). Trends are calculated for the periods 1980-2000, 2000-2020 and 1980-2020 using the R package "rkt" (Marchetto 2021). Break points are calculated using the R package "segmented" (Muggeo 2008). Pivot coordinates are calculated using the R package ‘robCompositions’ (Templ et al. 2011). The raw data is openly available at Swedish Geological Survey (SGU 2022a,b). The data was downloaded on 2021-10-03. References: Charlton, S. R. & Parkhurst, D. . Modules based on the geochemical model PHREEQC for use in scripting and programming languages: Computers & Geosciences, v. 37, p. 1653-1663. (2011) Marchetto, A. rkt: Mann-Kendall Test, Seasonal and Regional Kendall Tests. R package version 1.6. Available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rktOpens in a new tab. (2021). Muggeo, V. M. R. segmented: an R Package to Fit Regression Models with Broken-Line Relationships. R News, 8/1, 20-25. Available at: https://cran.r-project.org/doc/RnewsOpens in a new tab. (2008). SGU. Data från miljöövervakning av grundvatten, öppna data (Groundwater environmental monitoring data, in Swedish). Available at: https://www.sgu.se/produkter/geologiska-data/oppna-data/grundvatten-oppna-data/miljoovervakning-av-grundvattenOpens in a new tab. (2022a). SGU. Data om grundvattennivåer (Groundwater level data, in Swedish). Available at https://www.sgu.se/grundvatten/grundvattennivaer/ladda-ned-grundvattendataOpens in a new tab. (2022b). Matthias Templ, Karel Hron, P. F. robCompositions: an R-package for robust statistical analysis of compositional data. v. 2.3.1. in Compositional Data Analysis. Theory and Applications (eds. Pawlowsky-Glahn, V. & Buccianti, A.) 341–355 (John Wiley & Sons, 2011).
Download data and documentation (16 files / 4.72 MiB)

Data files

  • Klaus_Swedish_Groundwater_chemistry_DATASET_ver1_2.tsv
    124.68 KiB

Documentation files

  • Acidity - pH Methods.pdf
    475.34 KiB
  • Alkalinity Methods.pdf
    104.33 KiB
  • Ammonium, NH4-N Methods.pdf
    90.7 KiB
  • Calcium, Ca Methods.pdf
    84.86 KiB
  • Chloride, Cl Methods.pdf
    87.79 KiB
  • Dissolved oxygen, O2 Methods.pdf
    102.16 KiB
  • HVM_grundvattenkvalitet.pdf
    2.24 MiB
  • Klaus_DATASET_Variable description.pdf
    813.96 KiB
  • Magnesium, Mg Methods.pdf
    86.73 KiB
  • Potassium, K Methods.pdf
    85.98 KiB
  • Silicon, Si Methods.pdf
    98.2 KiB
  • Sodium, Na Methods.pdf
    85.79 KiB
  • Sulphate, SO4 Methods.pdf
    95.41 KiB
  • Sum of Oxidized Nitrogen, NO2-N and NO3-N_NOX Methods.pdf
    104.15 KiB
  • Total organic carbon, TOC Methods.pdf
    93.36 KiB

Citation and access

Data access level:

Creator/​Principal investigator(s):

Research principal:

Principal's reference number:

  • SLU.seksko.2022.IÄ-7
  • SLU.seksko.2022.4.1-52

Data contains personal data:

No

Citation:

Language:

Method and outcome

Time period(s) investigated:

Variables:

229

Data format/​data structure:

Data collection Other

Mode of collection:

Other

Description of the mode of collection:

National monitoring of groundwater chemistry, performed by the Geological Survey in Sweden. For details, see attached document "HVM_grundvattenkvalitet" (in Swedish only)

Time period(s) for data collection:

1980-01-01 - 2020-12-31

Temporal resolution:

year

Instrument

Name:

Water chemical laboratory (SLU)

Type:

Technical instrument(s)

Description of the instrument:

Analysis at the Water chemical laboratory at the Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Laboratory methods are described in the documenting files.

Geographic coverage

Geographic location:

Geographic description:

The sites are located all across Sweden and cover a range of latitudes from 52−68°N.

Administrative information

Responsible department/​unit:

Department of Forest Ecology and Management

Funding

Funding agency:

Award number:

36–2788/2021

Award title:

The role of groundwater in the carbon cycle: long-term sink or overlooked legacy?

Topic and keywords

Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2025:

INSPIRE topic categories:

Keywords:

Publications

Citation:

Klaus, M., (2023). Decadal increase in groundwater inorganic carbon concentrations across Sweden. Communications Earth & Environment 4:221. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00885-4Opens in a new tab

Contact

Metadata

Version 1
doris
slu
Published:|Updated: