Dataset of origin and destination pairs in street networks, for the evaluation of the Earth Mover's Distance as a metric of alignment
https://doi.org/10.71540/gmb4-cf38
This dataset was created as part of my PhD Project at the Department of Computing Science investigating how map readers perceive the complexity of routes displayed on a digital map. As part of my PhD project, I have conducted two experiments where participants have been asked to judge the complexity of different routes and describe what made them look more complex. Some of the routes that the participants were shown were in grid-like street networks, and when describing why these routes look complex, they sometimes described the routes as either aligned or misaligned. As an example, a path can be described as to follow the street, if the destination is oriented in alignment with the primary orientations in the street network; and it can be said to cross the river, or to cross the street, if the orientation is misaligned. This triggered an investigation into how the alignment between the orientation of the origin and destination of a route with(in) how the streets are oriented in the surrounding street network.
The primary dataset contains 79,987 Origin and Destination pairs (OD-pair) that have been sampled from five locations in 100 different cities to evaluate the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) between circular distributions as a metric of alignment. Where a higher EMD is indicative of a higher degree of misalignment between the orientations. The dataset was used to test whether a higher EMD is predictive of longer and more complex routes, and compare it to other predictors including properties of the street network that earlier research have identied as sources of route complexity.
Documentation files
Documentation files
Citation and access
Citation and access
Data access level:
Creator/Principal investigator(s):
Research principal:
Data contains personal data:
No
Citation:
Language:
Copyright:
The dataset is created with data provided by OpenStreetMap under the Open Database License.
Method and outcome
Method and outcome
Time period(s) investigated:
Variables:
33
Data format/data structure:
Data collection - Compilation/Synthesis
Data collection - Compilation/Synthesis
Mode of collection:
Compilation/Synthesis
Description of the mode of collection:
This dataset is the result of analysing or interpreting data made available by OpenStreetMap, using python to process and analyse this data. Further analysis is then done in R, where the earth movers distance is calculated and the results for the paper are produced.
The procedure is as follows, beginning with a list of 100 cities used in earlier research.
- In every city five origins are selected randomly within a bounding box using the city center as the center.
- The drivable and publicly accessible street network around each origin is downloaded and represented as a graph.
- Around each origin up to 180 destinations within 4750 meters to 5250 meters from the origin are selected in a circular fashion.
- The origin and destinations surrounding it are used to create origin-destination pairs (OD-pairs)
- Data is gathered for every OD-pair, including information about the shortest route from the origin to the destination and information about the street network surrounding the OD-pair.
Time period(s) for data collection:
2025-04-01 - 2025-09-01
Data collector:
- Umeå University
Opens a new window at ror.org.
ROR
Source of the data:
- Geographic area
Geographic coverage
Geographic coverage
Geographic description:
The OD-pairs are sampled around five locations in 100 different cities, picking up to 180 possible destinations in a circle around each origin.
Administrative information
Administrative information
Responsible department/unit:
Department of Computing Science
Funding
Funding
Funding agency:
- Department of Computing Science at Umeå University
Opens a new window at ror.org.
ROR
Topic and keywords
Topic and keywords
Swedish Standard Classification of Research Subjects 2025:
Relations
Relations
Website:
Is derived from:
Is supplemented by:
Publications
Publications
Citation:
Krantz-Horned, A., Falomir, Z., and Richter, K.-F. (2025). Measuring Alignment with the Grid: Evaluating the Earth Mover’s Distance as a Metric of Alignment between Orientations. Submitted manuscript.
