The CLEO-database: Nine forested headwater streams in Sweden, 1977-2009.

***The CLEO project database*** The dataset contains data from the research project 'CLEO - CLimate change and Environmental Objectives'. It's aim was to investigate how climate change affects the ability to meet the environmental goals set for 2020. The project sought to answer the following questions: "How should the next generation of environmental targets for 2050 be formulated in view of climate change, changes in land use and the disposal of pollutants?" and "How should strategies for reducing emissions be developed so that we maximize synergies in order to achieve the environmental targets?". The project was conducted at SLU starting in 2010 and ending in 2015. It was financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and carried out in collaboration with IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SMHI Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, and Lund University. The CLEO database was put together by SLU in collaboration with SMHI and published on SLU's website in 2015. In 2026 the data and documentation for CLEO was moved to Researchdata.se. To achieve the goals of CLEO related to runoff chemistry from the Swedish forested landscape, a uniquely comprehensive database of water quality together with supporting climate and catchment information has been created. At the center of this database are 9 well-studied forest catchments where the CLEO water quality modelling effort has been focused. The data for these streams was derived from Integrated Monitoring (IM) programme, which is part of SLU's environmental monitoring and assessment. This has resulted in an ensemble of simulations decades back in time and predictions decades into the future. Furthermore, a database that includes runoff, chemistry, climate, and associated catchment GIS information has been compiled for another 215 larger catchments from national and regional monitoring programs. The information (observed and modelled) of the 9 reference catchments as well as of the 215 larger streams and rivers are made publicly available below. A detailed overview of all data included in the CLEO-database can be found in the documentation file "information-to-data.pdf". The file "translation-table---database.xlsx" containing explanations for common abbreviations used in the datafiles. The data is split into 10 zipped folders. Data for the 9 reference catchments is stored in the folders: **catchment_information.zip (1.16 MB)** The file contains four files providing information on the nine catchments. - Map of Sweden.jpg: 84 KB; Map of the location of the 9 sites in Sweden - maps-soil-sampling-location-topography.ppt: 918 KB; Maps with information on soil, topography, bedrock, sampling locations from Kindla, Aneboda and Gårdsjön - svartberget-catchment.pptx: 559 KB; Maps with information on catchment, vegetation and soil from Svartberget - catchment-information---database1.xlsx: 11 KB; Various catchment information for all sites, e. g. program, geographic location, different codes, X, Y, N, E, overview vegetation (partly information in Swedish) **hydrology.zip (548 KB)** - Observed runoff (runoff-for-all-sites---database.xls, 2 Mb) Runoff observed Site, timeperiod: Gårdsjön F1, 1979 - 2009 Gårdsjön G2, 1992 - 2005 Berg (Pipbäcken Nedre), 1985 - 2008 Aneboda, 1997 - 2008 Stubbetorp (Dammen), 1985 - 1997 Kindla, 1997 - 2008 Sniptjärn, 1977 - 1997 Ammarnäs skog (Lillbäcken), 1985 - 2000 Svartberget, 1981 - 2008 **chemistry.zip (1.28 MB)** - Observed stream chemistry (vattenkemi-cleo-prio-1--database.xlsx, 2 Mb) Site, time period: Gårdsjön F1, 1989 - 2009 Gårdsjön G2, 1989 - 2009 Berg (Pipbäcken Nedre), 1984 - 2009 Aneboda, 1996 - 2009 Stubbetorp (Dammen), 1983 - 1997 Kindla, 1994 - 2009 Sniptjärn, 1976 - 2008 Ammarnäs skog (Lillbäcken), 1984 - 2000 Svartberget, 1986 – 2009 **climate.zip (56 Mb)** - Modelled PTHBV precipitation and temperature (1961-2009) for all sites (precipitation_temperature-pthbv.xlsx, 3 Mb) - Daily relative humidity (RH) and wind speed data for all sites from different climate stations (rhwind-speed-cleo-prio1---database.xls, 8 Mb) - Daily precipitation, wind speed, global radiation, air temperature, air humidity and wind direction data from 'Mast station' at Gårdsjön, site Gårdsjön F1, Gårdsjön G2 and Aneboda (gardsjon_aneboda-meteorological-data---database.xls, 4,1 Mb) - Hourly values of different solar radiation parameters from various climate stations (sol-radiation-files---database.xlsx, 52 Mb) **deposition.zip (514 Kb)** - deposition (deposition_database.xlsx, 528 Kb) Deposition observed/modelled OF = open field deposition, TF = throughfall deposition Site, frequency, OF time series, TF time series: MATCH model, annual, - , 2006-2008 Gårdsjön, annual/monthly, OF 1996-2008, TF 1996-2008 Berg, monthly, OF 1983-2004 Aneboda, monthly, OF 1983-2008, TF 1996-2005 Kindla, monthly, OF, 1996-2008, TF 1996-2005 Ammarnäs, monthly, 1983-2009+1991-2000, TF 1991-2009 Svartberget, monthly, OF 2002-2007, TF 1983-1997 **soil.zip (2.25 Mb)** - Soil/ water temperature, moisture and groundwater level data: Aneboda, Gardsjön and Kindla (soil_water-temp_groundwater_streamwater-level---database.xlsx, 1.26 Mb) - Soil chemistry data: Aneboda, Kindla and Gardsjön file (soil-chemistry-aneboda-kindla-gardsjon_database.xls, 205 Kb) - Soil physics data: Aneboda and Kindla (soil-physics-aneboda-kindla---database1.xls, 89 Kb) - Soil water (SW) chemistry data: Aneboda and Kindla (soil-water-chemistry---database.xls, 1 Mb) - Ground water (GW) chemistry data: Aneboda and Kindla (ground-water-chemistry---database.xls, 895 Kb) Detailed information on SW and GW sampling locations and depths: Aneboda, Kindla and Gardsjön (details-to-groundwater-and-soilwater-sampling.doc, 97 Kb) Note: Soil data files above may contain some inconsistencies Soil data from the S-transect: Svartberget (1995): - Soil parameters and background information of the sampling sites: Svartberget (soil-chemistry-svartberget---database.doc, 126 Kb) - Loss on Ignition (s-transect-svartberget---database.xls, 162 Kb) - Hydr. Conductivity (hydr-conductivity-svartberg---database.xls, 42 Kb) - Particle size distribution (particle-size-svartberget---database.xls, 138 Kb) - pF-curve (pf-curve-svartberget---database.xls, 97 Kb) **litterfall.zip (10 Kb)** - Yearly litterfall chemistry data from 1998-2009 for Aneboda and Kindla (litterfall_yearlychemistry----database.xls, 28 Kb) **vegetation.zip (39.5 Mb)** All files contain a comprehensive explanation of column headings. Years when inventories were carried out are specified. Moreover, Aneboda, Gårdsjön, and Kindla maps are included within the files where data from these catchments are available. - Algae and lichens on young spruce - Aneboda, Gårdsjön, and Kindla (01algae_and_lichens_on_young_spruce-cleo_database.xlsx, 5.5 Mb) - Circular plots: Soil - Aneboda, Gårdsjön, and Kindla (02circular_plots_soil-cleo_database.xlsx, 5.5 Mb) - Circular plots: Trees - Ammarnäs, Aneboda, Gårdsjön, and Kindla (03circular_plots_trees-cleo_database.xlsx, 6.5 Mb) - Circular plots: Trees (basal area) - Ammarnäs and Gårdsjön (04circular_plots_trees_basal_area-cleo_database.xlsx, 2.6 Mb) - Circular plots: Trees (small trees) - Ammarnäs and Gårdsjön (05circular_plots_trees_small_trees-cleo_database.xlsx, 2.6 Mb) - Circular plots: Vegetation layers - Ammarnäs, Aneboda, Gårdsjön, and Kindla (06circular_plots_vegetation_layers-cleo_database.xlsx, 6.0 Mb) - Intensive plots: Trees - Ammarnäs, Aneboda, Gårdsjön, and Svartberget (07intensive_plots_trees-cleo_database.xlsx, 5.1 Mb) - Intensive plots: Understorey vegetation - Ammarnäs, Aneboda, Gårdsjön, Kindla, and Svartberget (08intensive_plots_understorey_vegetation-cleo_database.xlsx, 6.2 Mb) - Forest damage - Gårdsjön and Kindla (09forest_damage-cleo_database.xlsx, 3.3 Mb) - Tree cover on intensive plots - Aneboda, Gårdsjön, and Kindla (10tree_cover_on_intensive_plots-cleo_database.xlsx, 5.5 Mb) - Epiphytes on tree trunks - Ammarnäs, Gårdsjön, and Svartberget (11epiphytes_on_tree_trunks-cleo_database.xlsx, 66 kb) ** 215_streams_and_rivers.zip (131 Mb)** - S-Hype modelled daily runoff for all sites (1990-2010) (runoff-s-hype-all-sites---database.xlsx, 70 MB) - Various monthly collected parameters for all sites (1990-2010) (water-chemistry-all-sites---database.xlsx, 5,4 MB) - PTHBV modelled daily temperature and precipitation for all sites (1990-2010) (precipitation-and-temperature-all-sites---database.xlsx, 62 MB) - Information regarding location, soil type, and land use; and some statistics from chemical, hydrological, and climatic variables for all sites (catchment-information---database.xlsx, 321 KB) - Map with location of all 215 sites within Sweden (overviewmap_sites215.jpg, 55 KB)